Geologic map and digital database of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Geologic map and digital database of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California
Abstract:
The Redlands 7.5' quadrangle is located in the southeastern margin of the San Bernardino Basin, an extensional region situated in a right-step-over zone within the San Andreas Fault system. The quadrangle is traversed by several important fault zones, including: (1) northwest-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults of the San Andreas system (Banning Fault, the Mission Creek and San Bernardino Strands of the San Andreas Fault, the San Jacinto Fault); (2) northeast-trending normal dip-slip faults that have downdropped the San Bernardino Basin; (3) east-trending contractional faults of the San Timoteo Canyon Fault zone. Some of these faults bound distinctive packages of crystalline basement rock.
Northwest of the Mission Creek Strand of the San Andreas Fault lies an igneous and metamorphic complex characterized by textural and compositional heterogeneity. This terrane, the Wilson Creek block, is strongly gneissose but includes foliated to massive granitoid rocks intimately intermingled with the gneisses. Thin slices of the gneissose complex have been displaced a few kilometers by the San Bernardino Strand of the San Andreas, the modern trace of the San Andreas Fault in the Redlands quadrangle and elsewhere along the southwest margin of the San Bernardino Mountains.
The Mission Creek strand is inferred to lie beneath Quaternary surficial deposits along the southwestern base of the San Bernardino Mountains. This fault is the major strand of the San Andreas Fault zone, has about 100 km of right-slip, and has juxtaposed distinctive crystalline rocks of San Gabriel Mountains-type against the Wilson Creek block and the San Bernardino Mountains.
The Banning Fault probably demarcates an important boundary between rocks of San Gabriel Mountains-type to the north and rocks of Peninsular Ranges-type to the south. This hypothesis is difficult to test because outcrops of the two terranes are several miles apart and between them the trace of the Banning Fault must be inferred beneath surficial deposits and beneath the San Timoteo beds of Frick (1921). The rocks of Peninsular Range-type are very different from those of San Gabriel Mountains-type, and consist of massive to foliated granitoids of monzogranitic, granodioritic, and tonalitic composition.
Much of the Redlands quadrangle is covered with unconsolidated Quaternary surficial deposits of sand and gravel that have accumulated over the last 600,000 years or so. These are thickest on the modern and ancestral flood plains of the Santa Ana River. In the south part of the quadrangle within the San Timoteo and Reche Canyon drainage systems, Quaternary surficial deposits are less extensive and have distribution patterns determined by displacements on the San Timoteo Canyon Fault zone (reverse faulting) and the San Jacinto Fault (strike-slip faulting). In this region, folded and faulted deposits of the San Timoteo beds of Frick, (1921) formed upwarps and downwarps that influenced the evolution of the landscape and its sedimentary deposits.
Digital Data:
This geologic database of the Redlands 1:24,000-scale 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California, was prepared by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), a geoscience project sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the California Geological Survey. The database was created in ARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute), and includes the following files: (1) a readme file, (2) this metadata file, (3) coverages containing geologic-map data and station-location data, (4) associated data tables, (5) a browse graphic of the geologic-map plot and map-marginal explanatory information (.pdf file), (6) a PostScript graphics file of the geologic-map plot with map-marginal explanatory information, and (7) .pdf files describing map units of the Redlands quadrangle (Description of Map Units) and their geologic age and correlation (Correlation of Map Units).
Supplemental_Information:
This database is an updated, digital release of an analog map of the Redlands quadrangle released previously in the U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report (OF) series in 1978 (Morton, 1978). Digital version 1.0 differs from the 1978 analog version in some important ways:
1) Quaternary surficial materials throughout the quadrangle have been reinterpreted based on our analysis of 1938 and 1953 Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, ASCS) aerial photography not examined for the 1978 report.
(2) For many faults, digital version 1.0 provides new geologic data and interpretations: (A) we have interpreted the distribution of the Banning Fault in the subsurface; (B) we have re-interpreted the distribution of fault scarps associated with the Redlands and Reservoir Canyon Faults; (C) we have reintepreted the distribution and mutual relations of faults we group into the Live Oak Fault Zone, and ascribed a reverse-fault origin to this complex; (D) we have interpolated the Mission Creek Strand of the San Andreas Fault as a major structure concealed beneath Quaternary surficial deposits along the southwestern base of the San Bernardino Mountains.
(3) Digital version 1.0 recognizes localized outcrops of San Bernardino Mountains-type rock in the San Bernardino Basin, between the San Bernardino and Mission Creek Strands of the San Andreas Fault. These rocks are part of the igneous and metamorphic complex of the Wilson Creek block, and are critical evidence for our assertion that the Mission Creek Strand of the San Andreas Fault must lie concealed outboard (southwest) of the outcrops.
Morton, D.M., 1978, Geologic map of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-21, scale 1:24,000
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Matti, Jonathan C., Morton, Douglas M., Cox, Brett F., and Kendrick, Katherine J., 2003, Geologic map and digital database of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-302, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -117.25009183
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -117.12490817
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.12499995
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.99998415
  3. What does it look like?
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/images/red_map.gif (GIF)
    Reduced-size image of the entire map sheet, 475x334 pixels, 56k bytes.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/pdf/red_map.pdf (PDF)
    Navigable portable document format file (.pdf) image of the geologic map, topographic base, Correlation of Map Units, Description of Map Units and key to point and line symbols.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 1930
    Ending_Date: 1995
    Currentness_Reference:
    Time period of information content for geologic data in the Redlands database reflects (1) the vintage (1930, 1938, 1952, 1966, 1975) of archival aerial photographs used to interpret geologic features and (2) ground observations made by the map authors between 1977 and 2002.
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (816)
      • String (2288)
      • GT-polygon composed of chains (817)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      The map projection used is Polyconic.
      Projection parameters:
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -117.1875
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 34.00
      False_Easting: 0.0
      False_Northing: 0.0
      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.0000001
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.0000001
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meters
      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1927.
      The ellipsoid used is Clarke 1866.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378206.4.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/294.98.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The ARC/INFO version of the Geologic map and digital database of the Redlands 7.5'quadrangle consists of six coverages: 
    red_geo (geologic map units and geologic-line entities)
red_pts (geologic point features)
red_obs (distribution of data stations)
red_str (anticlinal and synclinal structures)
red_orn (geologic line ornamentation)
red_ldr (map-unit label leaders)
    Three additional INFO data tables are included in the data set: red_summ.rel (provides general information about each geologic-map unit, including general lithologic features, geologic age, and geologic origin which applies to all polygons of a specified map unit)
    lines.rel (provides information about geologic features displayed as lines on the map. For a complete description of attributes in lines.rel, refer to USGS Open-File Report 97-861 – see Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation)
    points.rel (provides information about geologic features displayed as points on the map. for a complete description of attributes in points.rel, refer to USGS Open-File Report 97-859 (see Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation).
    1) The coverage red_geo contains information about geologic-map units (represented by polygons) and planar geologic features that bound or break them (e.g. geologic contacts, and faults) represented by lines. The polygons have cartographic and geologic attributes contained in red_geo.pat; the lines have cartographic and geologic attributes contained in red_geo.aat. For display purposes, the geology coverage contains two annotation subclasses: geo contains unit labels, and fault contains formal fault names.
    2) The coverage red_pts contains analyzable structural data including information that describes the types and orientation of planar and linear geologic features such as bedding, foliation, fault-plane dip, and fold-hinge plunge. One annotation subclass is included in the geologic points coverage which displays the respective dip and plunge values associated with individual point data.
    3) The coverage red_obs contains point data that repesent the locality of data stations associated with multiple authors and sources, all of which have contributed geologic data. The locality data serve several purposes: (1) as a proxy for author confidence in unit identification, (2) as a means of identifying each author's contribution, and (3) as a means of identifying data from sources other than the USGS authors. One annotation subclass, obs, identifies five particular locations: four Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) soil profile description localities and one U.S. Geological Survey Water Resource Division (WRD) well-log data locality.
    4) The coverage red_str contains geologic-line data that represent the traces of axial planes for anticlines and synclines.
    5) The coverage red_ptsorn stores point data that represent ornamentation for geologic lines (e.g. strike slip arrows, bar and ball on down-thrown block, etc.)
    6) The coverage red_ldr contains annotation leaders that point to unit labels that are placed outside the perimeter of a particular geologic polygon. These cartographic line entities are attributed with only a single attribute, L-SYMB, and all have the same value, 1.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    A complete description of the polygon, line, and point data coding schemes is available in U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports OF-97-859, OF-97-860, and OF-97-861 (full source citations follow):
    Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., Bunyapanasarn, T.P., Koukladas, Catherine, Hauser, R.M., and Cossette, P.M., 1997b, Geologic-point attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-859
    Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., and Cossette, P.M., 1997c, Geologic-polygon attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-860
    Matti, J.C., Powell, R.E., Miller, F.K., Kennedy, S.A., Ruppert, K.R., Morton, G.L., and Cossette, P.M., 1997a, Geologic-line attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-861
    red_geo.pat
    Geologic units shown on geologic map in Postscript (.ps) and Portable Document Format (.pdf) files
    TAG
    A reference label for subgroups of polygons of the geologic-map unit identified by LABL. Every polygon subgroup has certain attributes in common with all other polygons of the map unit, but each subgroup has unique, distinguishing attributes that warrant recognition in the database although they do not provide a basis for recognizing new map units (for example, geographic variations in properties such as grain size, thickness, and clast compositiion).
    TAG serves one additional purpose: it functions as the relate item that associates each polygon with its attributes stored in the polygon-attribute data table, RED_SUMM.REL.
    TAG is defined as LABL followed by an upper-case letter, e.g., QwA, QwB, or QwC, etc. Most map units in the Redlands databse have only one TAG designation, TAG A; map units having polygon subsets representing characteristics sufficiently distinct from those of the overall unit include: Qw (QwA, QwB), Qw1 (Qw1A, Qw1B), Qw2 (Qw2A, Qw2B), Qya1 (Qya1A, Qya1B), Qya3 (Qya3A, Qya3B, Qya3C), Qya5 (Qya5A, Qya5B), Qvof3 (Qvof3A, Qvof3C).
    LABL
    Geologic map unit label. Plain text is substituted for specialized geologic age symbols.
    ValueDefinition
    KgdGranodiorite
    KmgMonzogranite
    KmgtMonzogranite and Tonalite, undivided
    KtTonalite
    Kt1Tonalite, unit 1
    MzfgFoliated granitoid rock
    QTstcqSan Timoteo beds of Frick (1921), quartzite-bearing conglomerate member
    QTstrlSan Timoteo beds of Frick (1921), ripple-laminated member
    QTstrSan Timoteo beds of Frick (1921), Reche Canyon member
    QTstuSan Timoteo beds of Frick (1921), upper member
    QvyaVery young axial-valley deposits (latest Holocene)
    QvyfVery young alluvial-fan deposits (latest Holocene)
    QvylsVery young landslide deposits (latest Holocene)
    QofOld alluvial-fan deposits
    Qof2Old alluvial-fan deposits, Unit 2
    Qof3Old alluvial-fan deposits, Unit 3
    QolsOld landslide deposits
    Qvoa3Very old axial-valley deposits, Unit 3
    Qvof1Very old deposits of alluvial fans, Unit 1
    Qvof2Very old alluvial-fan deposits, Unit 2
    Qvof3Very old alluvial-fan deposits, Unit 3
    QvorVery old residuum or pedogenic soil
    QvosVery old surficial deposits, undifferentiated
    QvywVery young wash deposits, active (latest Holocene)
    Qvyw1Very young wash deposits, Unit 1 (latest Holocene)
    Qvyw2Very young wash deposits, Unit 2 (latest Holocene)
    Qya1Young axial-valley deposits, Unit 1
    Qya3Young axial-valley deposits, Unit 3
    Qya4Young axial-valley deposits, Unit 4
    Qya5Young axial-valley deposits, Unit 5
    QyfYoung alluvial-fan deposits
    Qyf1Young alluvial-fan deposits, Unit 1
    Qyf3Young alluvial-fan deposits, Unit 3
    Qyf4Young alluvial-fan deposits, Unit 4
    Qyf5Young alluvial-fan deposits, Unit 5
    QylsYoung landslide deposits
    ggGneissose granitoid rock
    PLABL
    Coded geologic map-unit label used to generate plot labels using appropriate stratigraphic symbols. The geologic unit having LABL Mzfg, (Mesozoic), appears in the item PLABL as }fg. The replacement characters call up stratigraphic age symbols from the GeoAge Font Group. Map unit labels will plot on derivative map plots with appropriate stratigraphic symbols if PLABL is used as the source of unit labels.
    SHDPS
    Polygon color from shadeset scamp2.shd (included in the data package) and used to generate the map plotfile
    SHDFIL
    Polygon fill pattern from shadeset geology2.shd (included in the data package)
    THICK
    Thickness data for geologic unit (sedimentary and surficial), where relevant
    UNIQUE
    Allows for the description of geologic properties that are unique to a particular polygon or group of polygons
    NAME
    Name of each geologic-map unit
    SOURCE
    Allows identification of sources from which polygon data have been compiled other than the U.S. Geological Survey authors of this database
    red_summ.pat
    INFO table containing general information about each geologic-map unit, including lithologic features, geologic age, and geologic origin which applies to all polygons of a specified map unit.
    TAG
    The data-base item that relates polygon subgroups to their associated map unit identified in the polygon feature attribute table, red_geo.pat.
    AGEMIN
    The minimum age (youngest possible age) for a geologic-map unit. Data include mimimum estimates for (1) age of formation of sedimentary and igneous rocks and surficial materials, (2) metamorphic age for geologic materials that have been metamorphosed, (3) deformation age for geologic materials that have been deformed (folded, faulted, penetratively deformed, brecciated, fractured), and (4) age of alteration for stained and altered geologic materials. Data is represented by coded entries (Matti and others, 1997b).
    AGEMAX
    The maximum age (oldest possible age) for a geologic-map unit. Data include maximum estimates for (1) age of formation of sedimentary and igneous rocks and surficial materials, (2) metamorphic age for geologic materials that have been metamorphosed, (3) deformation age for geologic materials that have been deformed (folded, faulted, penetratively deformed, brecciated, fractured), and (4) age of alteration for stained and altered geologic materials. Data is represented by coded entries (Matti and others, 1997b).
    AGECON
    Indicates the basis for assigning a geologic age to a map unit and the confidence with which that age is assigned. Data is represented by coded entries (Matti and others, 1997b).
    TYPE
    Provides a hierarchical classification of the general lithologic types occurring in a geologic-map unit, including whether a particular map unit is a bedrock unit or a surficial unit. Data is represented by coded entries (Matti and others, 1997b).
    CLASS
    Provides the stratigraphic classification of a rock unit in terms of the North American Code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature. Data is represented by coded entries (Matti and others, 1997b).
    SURFACE
    Identifies geologic and geomorphic characteristics of the upper surface of surficial geologic units. Data is represented by coded entries (Matti and others, 1997b).
    ORIGIN
    Provides coded information for the geologic origin of a map unit. Data is represented by coded entries (Matti and others, 1997b).
    red_geo.aat
    Geologic lines, which include features such as faults, contacts, and terraces are attributed with a set of feature attribute items contained in red_geo.aat. (A complete description of each line type is available in the data table, lines.rel.)
    L-SYMB
    Calls up the appropriate line symbol from the lineset geoscamp2.lin (included in the data package)
    L-TAG
    Consists of a character and numerical value e.g. C17 which allows the user to relate the line entity to its corresponding definition in the INFO table lines.rel.
    ValueDefinition
    C17.contact.landslide.location observable.location meets map accuracy standard
    C18.contact.landslide.location observable.location may not meet map accuracy standard
    C25.contact.landslide.crown scarp.location meets map accuracy standard
    C26.contact.landslide.crown scarp.location may not meet map accuracy standard
    C29.contact.sedimentary.location meets map accuracy standard
    C30.contact.sedimentary.location may not meet map accuracy standard
    C34.contact.sedimentary.identity questionable.location inferred.location may not meet map accuracy standard
    C37.contact.sedimentary.separates terraced alluvial units.location meets accuracy standard
    C38.contact.sedimentary.separates terraced alluvial units.location may not meet accuracy standard
    C50.contact.igneous.location may not meet accuracy standard
    C98.contact.scratch boundary.sedimentary
    CL1.cartographic line.map boundary
    F10.fault.high-angle.normal slip.location observable.may not meet accuracy standard
    F11.fault.high-angle.reverse slip.location observable.location may not meet map accuracy standard
    F17.fault.high-angle.reverse slip.location inferred beneath mapped covering unit.location may not meet map accuracy standard
    F19.fault.high-angle.unspecified slip.location observable.may not meet map accuracy standard
    F2.fault.high-angle.strike slip.right lateral.location observable.meets map accuracy standard
    F20.fault.high-angle.strike slip.right lateral.location observable.may not meet accuracy standard
    F22.fault.high-angle.normal slip.location observable.may not meet map accuracy standard
    F23.fault.high-angle.reverse slip.location observable.may not meet map accuracy standard
    F34.fault.high-angle.normal slip.existence questionable.location may not meet map-accuracy standard
    F40.fault.high-angle.normal slip.existence questionable.location inferred beneath mapped covering unit.location may not meet map accuracy standard
    F52.fault.high-angle.normal slip.fault scarp.meets map accuracy standard
    F58.fault.high-angle.normal slip.fault scarp.location may not meet map accuracy standard
    F67R.fault.high-angle.normal slip.scarp.identity questionable
    F74.fault.low-angle.slip unspecified.location observable.location may not meet map-accuracy standard
    L-SOURCE
    Allows identification of sources other than the U.S. Geological Survey authors of this SCAMP products from which line data have been compiled
    L-AGECON
    Indicates the confidence with which a geologic age has been assigned to each linear entity
    L-UNIQUE
    Allows for the description of attributes that are unique to a particular linear feature or segment of a feature, e.g. faults having associated seismicity
    L-NAME
    Allows for the description of attributes that are unique to a particular linear feature or segment of a feature, e.g. faults having associated seismicity
    L-AGEMAX
    Coded statement of the maximum age (oldest age) estimated for geologic contacts and faults or for segments of such features
    L-AGEMIN
    Coded statement of the minimum age (youngest age) estimated for geologic contacts and faults or for segments of such features
    red_pts.pat
    Structural point data.
    P-DIP
    Dip of planar point features
    P-STRIKE
    Azimuth strike of planar features
    P-SYMB
    Calls the point-type from the markerset geoscamp2.mrk (included in the data package)
    P-TAG
    Consists of a character(s) and numerical value e.g. FN42 which allows the user to relate the point entity to its corresponding definition in the INFO table points.rel.
    ValueDefinition
    B14.bedding attitude.sedimentary.inclined.strike and dip indicated but not measured.original data
    B2.bedding attitude.sedimentary.inclined.original data
    B4.bedding attitude.sedimentary.vertical.original data
    FC4.fault dip direction
    FN13.foliation attitude.igneous.inclined.original data
    FN2.foliation attitude.origin not determined.inclined.original data
    FN3.foliation attitude.origin not determined.vertical.original data
    FN31.foliation attitude.strain dominated.inclined.original data
    P-SOURCE
    Allows identification of all sources of geologic datarepresented in the Redlands geologic map database
    P-UNIQUE
    Allows for the description of attributes uniquely associated with a particular point datum location
    P-AGECON
    Indicates the confidence with which a geologic age is assigned to a point feature
    P-PLUNGE
    Lineation plunge value
    P-DIPDIR
    Azimuthal direction of dip
    P-BEARING
    Azimuthal direction of lineation bearing
    P-AGEMIN
    Coded statement of the minimum age (youngest age) estimated for geologic features represented by point data
    P-AGEMAX
    Coded statement of the maximum age (oldest age) estimated for geologic features represented by point data
    red_obs.pat
    Data that repesent the locality of data stations associated with multiple authors and sources
    P-TAG
    Point tag which consists of a character(s) and numerical value; allows the user to relate the point entity to its corresponding definition in the data table, points.rel
    P-SYMB
    Calls the point-type from the markerset geoscamp2.mrk (included in the data package)
    P-SOURCE
    Allows identification of sources from which point data have been compiled other than the U.S. Geological Survey authors of this product
    P-UNIQUE
    Allows for the description of attributes uniquely associated with a particular point datum location
    P-STAT
    Alphanumeric identification of a particular datum location
    ValueDefinition
    NRCS-SWSB-26Natural Resources Conservation Service pit/soil profile description
    NRCS-SWSB-15Natural Resources Conservation Service pit/soil profile description
    NRCS-SWSB-20Natural Resources Conservation Service pit/soil profile description
    NRCS-SWSB-17Natural Resources Conservation Service pit/soil profile description
    NRCS-SWSB-23Natural Resources Conservation Service pit/soil profile description
    WRD-RVUSGS Water Resources Division well/well-log data
    WRD-CCUSGS Water Resources Division well/well-log data
    red_str.aat
    Structural line data
    The attribute items l-SYMB, L-TAG, L-SOURCE, L_AGE, L-AGECON, L-UNIQUE, and L-NAME are used in red_str as they are in other database coverages.
    ValueDefinition
    FA41.fold axial trace.anticline.upright.plunging.location meets map accuracy standard
    FA44.fold axial trace.anticline.upright.plunging.location may not meet map accuracy standard
    FA105.fold axial trace.anticline.upright.plunging.location meets map accuracy standard
    FA108.fold axial trace.syncline.upright.plunging.location may not meet map accuracy standard
    red_ptsorn.pat
    Line ornamentation
    P-SYMB
    Calls the point-type from the markerset geoscamp2.mrk (included in the data package)
    P-TAG
    Point tag which consists of a character(s) and numerical value; allows the user to relate the point entity to its corresponding definition in the data table, points.rel
    ValueDefinition
    FC1.fault attribute.bar-and-ball on down-dropped fault block.
    FC2.fault attribute.strike-slip arrows.right lateral.
    FAC4.fold ornament.anticline.upright axial plane.
    FAC10.fold ornament.syncline.upright axial plane.
    FAC17.fold ornament.anticline.plunge-direction.
    FAC19.fold ornament.syncline.plunge-direction.
    red_ldr.aat
    Unit label annotation leaders
    L-SYMB
    Coded integer symbol (1) that calls up the apprporiate line symbol in lineset geoscamp2.lin

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Jonathan C. Matti
    • Douglas M. Morton
    • Brett F. Cox
    • Katherine J. Kendrick
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Photogrammetric Geologic Compilation: The U.S. Geological Survey's Photogrammetric Plotter Laboratory in Denver, Colorado (James Messerich, photogrammetrist) provided Kern PG-2 stereographic plotters that enabled the high-precision, high-accuracy transfer of geologic linework and point data from aerial photographs to a scale-stable cartographic base.
    Programmatic Credit: Geologic mapping, topical studies, and digital preparation for this database were sponsored jointly by the following: (1) the U.S. Geological Survey's National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program and National Earthquake Hazards Program; (2) California Geological Survey; (3) San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District provided funding support for database development.
    Scientific Peer Review: The database and plot file benefitted from technical reviews by P. Stone, F.K. Miller, and D. Bedford.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Jonathan C. Matti
    U.S. Geological Survey, Western Region, Earth Surface Processes Team
    Project geologist
    U.S. Geological Survey
    520 North Park Avenue, Rm 355
    Tucson, Arizona
    United States of America

    (520) 670-5577 (voice)
    (520) 670-5577 (FAX)
    jmatti@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

The geologic database for the Redlands quadrangle was developed as a contribution to the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program's National Geologic Map Database, and is intended to provide a general geologic setting of the quadrangle.
Geologic information contained in the Redlands database is general-purpose data that are applicable to land-related investigations in the earth and biological sciences. The term "general-purpose" means that all geologic-feature classes have minimal information content adequate to characterize their general geologic characteristics and to interpret their general geologic history. However, no single feature class may have enough information to definitively characterize its properties and origin. For this reason the database cannot be used for site-specific geologic evaluations, although it can be used to plan and guide investigations at the site-specific level.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    USGS Redlands, 1967 (source 1 of 7)
    U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, photorevised 1980, Topographic basemap of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.

    Type_of_Source_Media:
    Stable base material (greenline chronoflex for geologic compilation; .007 mil clearfilm blackline for topographic basemap image)
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution:
    The Redlands topographic basemap served as the reference standard by which the database authors located the position of observation stations and geologic structures (geologic contacts, faults, fold axes). Scale-stable copies of the basemap also were used to transfer geologic information from aerial photographs to basemap using a PG-2 stereographic plotter.
    Pictorial Crafts, Inc., 1975 (source 2 of 7)
    Pictorial Crafts, Inc. (contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey), 1975, Pictorial Crafts aerial photography.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Paper true-color aerial photographs
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution:
    The Pictorial Crafts aerial photography provides true-color rendering of geologic and geomorphic features in the Redlands quadrangle and throughout the San Bernardino Basin. The E-W flight lines were the primary aerial-photography resource used by the authors to locate the position of observation stations and to plot the positions of linear geologic structures (geologic contacts, faults, fold axes). Although their 1975 vintage post-dates urbanization that obscures some geologic features, the photography was helpful in recognizing geologic features whose color is a distinguishing characteristic.
    ASCS 1952 photography (Symbol AXM, AXL) (source 3 of 7)
    U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, 1952, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, 1952 photography (Symbol AXM, AXL).

    Type_of_Source_Media: Paper black-and-white aerial photographs
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 20000
    Source_Contribution:
    The ASCS photography provides systematic aerial-photographic cover of the Redlands quadrangle and the rest of the San Bernardino Basin, along N-S flight lines. This orientation contrasts with the typical E-W orientation of most photographic series, and provides a different perspective of geologic and geomorphic features. Because the ASCS photography pre-dates much urbanization that obscures land-form features, it was helpful in recognizing geologic and geomorphic features that have been obliterated by human activities in the last 50 years or so. The database authors used the 1952 ASCS photography to augment and refine observations made using the 1975 Pictorial Crafts photography, and to delineate features in the Redlands municipal area.
    USGS 1966 photography (symbol GS-VBNS) (source 4 of 7)
    U.S. Department of Interior, Geological Survey, 1966, U.S. Department of Interior, Geological Survey 1966 photography (symbol GS-VBNS).

    Type_of_Source_Media: Paper black-and-white aerial photographs
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 30000 (approximately)
    Source_Contribution:
    The USGS photography (symbol GS-VBNS) provides systematic aerial photographic coverage of the Redlands quadrangle and the rest of the San Bernardino Basin, along E-W flight lines. Although their 1966 vintage post-dates some urbanization that obscures geologic features, moderate vertical exaggeration in this photo series enhances subtle geologic and geomorphic features not easily recognized in other photoseries. The database authors used the 1966 GS-VBNS photography to augment and refine observations made using the 1975 Pictorial Crafts photography.
    ASCS 1938 photography (Symbol AXM, AXL) (source 5 of 7)
    U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, 1938, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, 1938 photography (Symbol AXM, AXL).

    Type_of_Source_Media: Paper black-and-white aerial photographs
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 20000
    Source_Contribution:
    The 1938 ASCS photography provides the most regionally extensive early-vintage aerial images available for southern California, including the Redlands quadrangle. The 1938 photography pre-dates much urbanization that obscures land-form features, and thus was helpful in recognizing geologic and geomorphic features that have been obliterated by human activities in the last 60 years or so. The database authors used the 1938 photography to augment and refine observations made using the 1975 Pictorial Crafts photography, and to delineate pre-urbanization features in the northwestern part of the quadrangle.
    Spence Aerial Photography, 1930 (source 6 of 7)
    Spence Airplane Photos, Los Angeles (flown under contract to the U.S. Geological Survey), 1930, Spence aerial photography, 1930.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Paper black-and-white aerial photographs
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 18000
    Source_Contribution:
    The Spence aerial photography consists of a single flight line flown along the San Andreas Fault in southern California, including the Redlands quadrangle. The 1930 photography pre-dates much urbanization that obscures land-form features, and thus was helpful in delineating geologic and geomorphic features (fault scarps, shutter ridges, lineaments) that have been obliterated by human activities in the last 70 years or so. The database authors used the 1930 Spence photography to interpret geomorphic details of the San Andreas Fault Zone (San Bernardino Strand).
    Morton, 1978 (source 7 of 7)
    Morton, D.M., 1978, Geologic map of the Redlands quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-21.

    Type_of_Source_Media: stable base material
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution:
    The 1978 analog geologic map of the Redlands quadrangle is the source of geologic line, point, and map-unit data for many bedrock map units in digital version 1.0. Lithologic, structural, and stratigraphic data for sedimentary deposits of the San Timoteo beds of Frick (1921) are retained, as are boundaries and structural orientations of crystalline bedrock units. Most faults are the same as in the analog version.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 1977 (process 1 of 6)
    Field Methods
    The geologic information contained in the database and on the geologic-map plot was generated by the U.S. Geological Survey using a combination of reconnaissance and detailed mapping techniques. The field data were collected and plotted on aerial photographs and on a 1:24,000-scale basemap (U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000 Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, 1967, photorevised, 1980)
    Bedrock map units were described, mapped, and interpreted on the basis of traverse-mapping methods. Along each traverse, geologic observations are made and recorded at various observation stations whose postitions are stored in the coverage red_obs. Information recorded at these stations provides the basis for the identification and characterization of each bedrock map unit. Map-unit boundaries (geologic contacts) and faults identified along each traverse typically were extended laterally by using aerial photographs and binoculars to project or interpolate the fault or contact to its next recorded occurrence along a nearby traverse. A few sedimentary-layering attitudes were determined through binocular observation rather than from site determinations; these are identified in the database and on the geologic-map plot.
    Surficial-materials map units were described, mapped, and interpreted on the basis of aerial-photographic interpretation augmented by observation at specific stations. The bounding contacts of each surficial unit and the location of fault scarps that traverse the units were plotted by using a PG-2 photogrammetric plotter that allows location accuracy equivalent to the accuracy standard for the topographic-contour base. The coverage red_obs shows the position of observation stations used to determine geologic characteristics of the surficial map units.
    Jonathan C. Matti - mapped and interpreted Quaternary surficial materials throughout the Redlands quadrangle; mapped faults of the Live Oak Canyon Fault zone based on aerial-photographic interpretation; Re-interpreted the distribution of the Redlands Fault - 1985-1986, 1988, 1995-1996
    Douglas M. Morton – mapped the entire Redlands quadrangle for the 1978 USGS Open-File Report 78-21. For digital v. 1.0, Morton's original Contributions in the following areas are preserved: mapping of the San Jacinto Fault; mapping of crystalline rocks west of the San Jacinto Fault; mapping of sedimentary materials and faults in the San Timoteo Badlands south of San Timoteo Canyon; mapping of crystalline rocks in the northeast corner of the Redlands quadrangle
    Brett F. Cox - mapped sedimentary materials and faults of the Live Oak Canyon Fault zone on the north side of Live Oak Canyon and San Timoteo Canyon; mapped residual pedogenic soil in the vicinity of the intersection of Live Oak and San Timoteo Canyons - 1980.
    Katherine J. Kendrick – mapped alluvial deposits and examined and described pedogenic-soil profiles in the vicinity of the mouth of San Timoteo Canyon and in Reche Canyon (see Kendrick, 1996, 1999; Kendrick and others, 1994; Kendrick and others, 2002)
    Kendrick, K.J., 1996, Descriptions and laboratory analysis for soils in the northern San Timoteo Badlands, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 96-93, 6 p.
    Kendrick, K.J., 1999, Quaternary geologic evolution of the northern San Jacinto fault zone: Understanding evolving strike-slip faults through geomorphic and soil stratigraphic analysis: Riverside, University of California, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 301 p.
    Kendrick, K.J., McFadden, L.D., and Morton, D.M., 1994, Soils and slip rates along the northern San Jacinto fault, in McGill, S.F., and Ross, T.M., eds., Geological investigations of an active margin: Geological Society of America Cordilleran Section Guidebook, Trip No. 8, p. 146-151.
    Kendrick, K.J., Morton, D.M., Wells, S.G., and Simpson, R.W., 2002, Spatial and temporal deformation along the northern San Jacinto fault, southern California; implications for slip rates: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 7, pp. 2782-2802.
    Date: 1990 (process 2 of 6)
    Analog Geologic-map Preparation Methods
    The digital geologic-map database was produced from geologic linework drafted on a 1:24,000-scale greenline chronoflex of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle using a 0.18 rapidograph drafting pen. Source materials include: (1) paper field sheets produced by each map author; (2) annotations made by each author on aerial photographs; (3) pencil linework generated by PG-2 stereographic plotter on a scale-stable 1:24,000-scale chronoflex of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle.
    The basemap image (red.tif) was prepared by scanning a scale-stable blackline .007-mil clear film of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000-scale Redlands 7.5' quadrangle topographic map (1967, photorevised, 1980). Scanning was done using an Anatech Eagle 4080 monochrome 800 dots-per-inch scanner at a resolution of 500 dpi. The raster scan was converted to a monochromatic image in ARC/INFO. No elements of the base layer are attributed. The base map is provided for reference only.
    Date: 1996 (process 3 of 6)
    Digital Data Capture and Editing
    Geologic data for the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle were captured in different stages using different techniques. (1) Geologic-line information in the southern third of the quadrangle was digitized and simultaneously converted to ARC/INFO coverages through the application and utilization of the graphical user interface ALACARTE developed by the USGS (Fitzgibbon, 1991; Fitzgibbon and Wentworth, 1991; Wentworth and Fitzgibbon, 1991) running on a Data General Aviion workstation. (2) For the northern two-thirds of the quadrangle, geologic-line information was captured by scanning a scale-stable 0.010-mil clear-film positive of linework drafted by the authors on greenline milar. The clear-film positive was scanned by Optronics, Inc. to produce an 800 DPI raster file, and the raster image was converted to vector format by Optronics, Inc. using proprietary auto-vectorizing software. (3) For the entire quadrangle, geologic-point data were captured using ARC/INFO v. 7.0.4 software using a Sun SPARC20 computer system running Solaris v. 2.4.
    The database was edited and tagged in ARC/INFO v. 7.0.4 and v. 7.1.1 using a Sun SPARC20 computer system running Solaris v. 2.4.
    Contributions by Database Editors:
    Pamela M. Cossette - responsible for editing the vector scan, most geologic database editing, assembling the final database and plot-file products, and metadata production
    Bradley Jones - responsible for data conversion in the southern part of the quadrangle
    Stephen A. Kennedy - responsible for database editing in the southern part of the quadrangle
    Fitzgibbon, T.T., 1991, ALACARTE installation and system manual (version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 91-587B.
    Fitzgibbon, T.T., and Wentworth, C.M., 1991, ALACARTE user interface - AML code and demonstration maps (version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 91-587A
    Wentworth, C.M., and Fitzgibbon, T.T., 1991, ALACARTE user manual (version 1.0): U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-587C
    Date: 1995 (process 4 of 6)
    Observation-station coverage red_obs
    The coverage red_obs contains the locations of observation stations that the dataset authors used to describe geologic materials and geologic structures in the Redlands quadrangle. Several kinds of observation stations are included:
    (1) Field observations made by the dataset authors. These are represented by the authors name (e.g., Jonathan C. Matti), and the station ID (e.g., JF, J.C. Matti notebook F);
    (2) Subsurface borings obtained by the California Department of Transportation at overpassing and underpassing rights-of-way along the Interstate and State Highway systems;
    (3) Subsurface borings obtained by the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Division (WRD) and Geologic Division (Carson and others, 1986);
    (4) Subsurface borings obtained by various private geotechnical-engineering firms;
    (5) Soil-profile descriptions obtained by the Natural Resources and Conservation Service (Woodruff and Brock, 1980, sheet 9)
    Carson, S.E., Matti, J.C., Throckmorton, C.K., and Kelly, M.M., 1986, Stratigraphic and geotechnical data from a drilling investigation in the San Bernardino Valley and vicinity, California: U.S. Geological Survey -Open-File Report 86-225, 83 p., scale 1:48,000.
    Woodruff, G.A., and Brock, W.Z., 1980, Soil survey of San Bernardino County, southwestern part, California: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 64 p., scale 1:24,000.
    Date: 28-Aug-2000 (process 5 of 6)
    First draft of metadata created by cossette using FGDCMETA.AML ver. 1.2 05/14/98 on ARC/INFO data set /pool5/c/cossette2/j_matti/tucson/red/red_newtopo/red0828
    Date: 29-Jul-2003 (process 6 of 6)
    Creation of original metadata record Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Pamela M. Cossette
    Geographer
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Room 202
    West 904 Riverside Avenue
    Spokane, Washigton
    USA

    509-368-3123 (voice)
    509-368-3199 (FAX)
    pcossette@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Matti, Jonathan C., Morton, Douglas C., Cox, Brett F., Carson, Scott E., and Yetter, Thomas J., 2003, Geologic map and digital database of the Yucaipa 7.5' Quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California: United States Geological Survey (USGS) Open-File Report 03-301, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The combination of detailed and reconnaissance techniques used to generate the Redlands quadrangle database has yielded a data set whose quality necessarily varies from location to location. Some areas were examined in great detail in order to solve specific geologic problems or to clarify the description or geologic relations of a particular map unit. Other areas were examined less carefully or were not examined at all. As a result, some parts of the Redlands data set have greater attribute accuracy and represent greater attribute confidence than others.
    ATTRIBUTE ACCURACY
    The attribute-accuracy statement for the Redlands database incorporates four elements: (1) map-unit description and attribution, (2) geotechnical standards against which the observations are measured, (3) map-unit identification, and (4) description of linear and planar geologic structures.
    Map-unit description and attribution:
    Geologic-map units in the Redlands quadrangle database were described using standard field methods (see Process_Description 1 of 6). Consistent with these methods and consistent with the time available to assemble the data set, the database authors have assigned standard geologic attributes to geologic lines, points, and polygons identified in the database.
    Geotechnical standards for geologic descriptions:
    Plutonic rock classification: Plutonic rocks and their deformed equivalents are classified in accordance with the International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks (1973; Streckeisen, 1976).
    Sedimentary rock classifications: Sandstones are classified in accordance with the scheme suggested by Friedman and Sanders (1978, Table 7-4). For all sedimentary materials, bedding-thickness classification follows Ingram (1954) and grain-size classification follows Wentworth (1922).
    Surficial-materials classification: Surficial materials are mapped and classified according to a southern California-wide classification scheme being developed by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP).
    Terminology for slope-failure deposits (landslides and other slope-failure types) follows Varnes (1978).
    Color classification: The matrix color of surficial materials and their pedogenic soils is classified according to the Munsell soil-color charts (Munsell, 1975). Bedrock colors also are classified according to the Munsell system, supplemented by the Rock-Color Chart distributed by the Geological Society of America (reprinted 1970).
    Map-unit identification:
    Geologic-map units in the Redlands quadrangle represent packages of geologic materials whose overall physical properties differ sufficiently from other such units as to constitute discrete mappable entities. From localities in the quadrangle where map units first were recognized and defined, they were extended to other areas through a mapping process that includes (a) direct outcrop observation, (b) interpretation of subsurface boring logs, and (c) aerial-photographic extrapolation into areas where site observation was not conducted. The coverage red_obs indicates the density of observation and data stations in the Redlands quadrangle, and is a measure of whether a map unit at a particular location was identified on the basis of hands-on data or extrapolation.
    Map-unit boundaries (geologic contacts) and faults identified along mapping traverses typically were extended laterally by using aerial photographs and binoculars to project or interpolate the contact or fault to its next recorded occurrence along a nearby traverse. Only rarely were individual geologic contacts or fault lines walked out to determine their variability and character throughout the map area. The bounding contacts of surficial units and the location of fault scarps that traverse the units were plotted by using a PG-2 photogrammetric plotter that allows location accuracy equivalent to the accuracy standard for the topographic-contour base.
    Description geologic structures
    Geologic structure (planar structure displayed by lines, structure at specific points) in the Redlands quadrangle are described and attributed according to the scheme described by Matti and others (1997a, b). These classifications generally follow conventional schemes for classifying geologic lines and points (Reynolds and others, 1995).
    ATTRIBUTE CONFIDENCE
    For version 1.0 of the database, the coverage red_obs is a proxy for attribute confidence: the number of direct observations within a map unit from place to place in the quadrangle proxies for the confidence with which the unit and its attributes are believed to be accurately identified. Future releases of the Redlands data set will delineate a more objective, empirical basis for map-unit identification and attribute accuracy (map-unit and attribute confidence).
    Friedman, G.M., and Sanders, J.E., 1978, Principles of sedimentology: New York, John Wiley & Sons, 792 p.
    Ingram, R.L., 1954, Terminology for the thickness of stratification and parting units in sedimentary rocks: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 65, p. 937-938.
    International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks, 1973, Plutonic rocks: Geotimes, v. 18, no. 10, p. 26-30.
    Matti, J.C., Powell, R.E., Miller, F.K., Kennedy, S.A., Ruppert, K.R., Morton, G.L., and Cossette, P.M., 1997a, Geologic-line attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-861
    Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., Bunyapanasarn, T.P., Koukladas, Catherine, Hauser, R.M., and Cossette, P.M., 1997b, Geologic-point attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-859
    Munsell Color, 1975, Munsell soil color charts, 1975 edition: Baltimore, Maryland, Macbeth Division of Kollmorgen Corporation.
    Reynolds, M.W., Queen, J.E., and Taylor, R.B., 1995, Cartographic and digital standard for geologic map information: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-525
    Streckeisen A., 1976, To each plutonic rock its proper name: Earth Science Reviews, v. 12, p. 1-33.
    Varnes, D.J., 1978, Slope movement types and processes, in Schuster, R.L., and Krizek, R.J., eds., Landslides: analysis and control: Washington, D.C., Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, Special Report 176, p. 11-33.
    Wentworth, C.K., 1922, A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments: Journal of Geology, v. 30, p. 377-392.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Nationwide geologic-map accuracy standards for geologic line and point features have not been developed and adopted by the U.S. Geological Survey and other earth-science entities. Until such standards are developed, the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP) uses internal map-accuracy standards for 1:24,000-scale geologic maps produced by the project.
    In the Redlands 1:24,000 scale quadrangle, geologic lines are judged to meet the map-accuracy standard if they are located to within ±15 meters relative to topographic or cultural features on the base map. Within the database, line data that are judged to meet the map-accuracy standard are denoted in the data table lines.rel by the attribute code .MEE. (meets); line data that may not meet the map-accuracy standard are denoted by the attribute code .MNM. (may not meet). On geologic-map plots and other plots generated from the geologic database, line data that are judged to meet the map-accuracy standard are denoted by solid lines; line data that may not meet the map-accuracy standard are denoted by dashed or dotted lines.
    In the database and on geologic-map plots, no cartographic device exists for denoting the map-accuracy for geologic-point data (symbols for bedding, foliation, lineations, etc.).
    Three sources of positional error exist for geologic elements in the Redlands quadrangle database:
    (1) Positional accuracy of field observations: observation stations (data localities) were located either on aerial photographs or on the topographic basemap of the Redlands quadrangle by referencing hypsographic and planimetric features on the basemap.
    (2) Transfer of line and point data from aerial photographs to the topographic base: For bedrock geologic materials, point data, contacts and faults were visually transferred to scale-stable copies of the topographic base map. For most surficial geologic materials, geologic contacts and fault scarps were transferred to the base map through the use of a PG-2 sterographic plotter that allows geologic elements to be located with an accuracy and precision equivalent to the standard for the topographic-contour base.
    (3) Positional fidelity during digital data processing: the maximum transformation Root Mean Square (RMS) error acceptable for 7.5' quadrangle transformation and data input is 0.003 (1.8 meters). The horizontal positional accuracy line and point entities was checked by visual comparison of hard-copy plots with base-stable source data.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    The geologic map and digital database of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle contain new data that have been subjected to scientific peer review and are a substantially complete representation of the current state of knowledge concerning the geology of the quadrangle.
    Information for geologic units, geologic contacts, and faults by necessity is generalized. Although derived from data collected at individual observation stations, the characteristics of map units, their bounding contacts, and faults have been averaged and reduced to attributes that describe each map unit and each line element as a whole. This averaging process is necessary because of the intrinsic variability that geologic units, contacts, and faults display spatially: in detail, their characteristics necessarily vary from place-to-place, although certain core attributes persist. To account for this variability and yet still characterize the major defining attributes of geologic entities, the database authors have selected and archived certain geologic characteristics but omitted others. In such cases, details were sacrificed in the interest of defining the average character of the geologic features.
    Map-unit completeness: For map-unit polygons, version 1.0 of the Redlands database does not exploit the full potential afforded by the data-model and attribute scheme proposed by Matti and others (1997a). The file red_geo.pat contains limited information about polygon themes such as geologic age and the thickness of geologic-map units (where appropriate or where known), as well as information about unique attributes that distinguish a map unit within a polygon or a perticular subset of polygons. Additional lithologic-attribute data are available in the INFO data table red_summ.rel, including age-related data and major rock type. Other than this minimal information, however, the Redlands database for geologic-map units (red_geo) lacks the comprehensive information content of the .pdf files (red_dmu.pdf and red_cmu.pdf).
    The following data fields in the INFO table red_geo.pat for the geologic-map unit coverage contain no information:
    THICK: Information about the stratigraphic thickness of geologic units is not included because such information was not obtained for digital version 1.0 of the Redlands quadrangle database.
    SOURCE: Information about the source of geologic information for geologic map units is not included because in all cases such information for the Redlands database derives from the database authors.
    Line and Point Completeness: For line and point data, the Redlands database exploits the attribution scheme proposed by Matti and others (1997a,b). This scheme allows geologic elements represented as lines (geologic contacts, faults, fold axes, geomorphic features) and points (bedding orientations, foliation orientations, fault dips) to be assigned a full spectrum of attributes ranging from contact and fault type to geologic age of linear and point features. Some of these attributes are embedded directly within the line and point data bases (.aat and .pat, respectively). Most line and point attributes are stored as codes in two INFO data tables (lines.rel and points.rel).
    A complete description of the attribute-coding schemes for SCAMP polygon, line, and point data is available in U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports OF-97-859, OF-97-860, and OF-97-861 (full source citations follow):

    Matti, J.C., Powell, R.E., Miller, F.K., Kennedy, S.A., Ruppert, K.R., Morton, G.L., and Cossette, P.M., 1997a, Geologic-line attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-861 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0861/
    Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., Bunyapanasarn, T.P., Koukladas, Catherine, Hauser, R.M., and Cossette, P.M., 1997b, Geologic-point attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-859 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0859/
    Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., and Cossette, P.M., 1997c, Geologic-polygon attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-860 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0860/
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Polygon and chain-node topology present.
    The areal extent of the map is represented digitally by an appropriately projected (Polyconic projection), mathematically generated box. Consequently, polygons intersecting the lines that comprise the map boundary are closed by that boundary. Polygons internal to the map boundary are completely enclosed by line segments that are themselves a set of sequentially numbered coordinate pairs. Point data are represented by coordinate pairs.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
The Redlands 7.5' geologic-map database should be used to evaluate and understand the geologic character of the Redlands quadrangle as a whole. It should not be used as a detailed map for purposes of site-specific land-use planning or site-specific geologic evaluations.
The database is sufficiently detailed to identify and characterize many actual and potential geologic hazards represented by faults and landslides and posed by ground subsidence and earthquake-generated ground shaking. However, it is not sufficiently detailed for site-specific determinations or evaluations of these features. Faults shown do not take the place of fault-rupture hazard zones designated by the California State Geologist (see Hart, 1988).
Use of the Redlands geologic-map database should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data allows the scale to be manipulated at the discretion of the user, detail and accuracy issues that are inherent to map-scale limitations similarly exist in the digital data. The fact that this database was constructed and edited at a scale of 1:24,000 means that higher-resolution data generally are not present in the dataset. Therefore, plotting at scales larger than 1:24,000 will not yield greater real detail, although enlarged plots may reveal fine-scale (artificial) irregularities below the intended resolution of the database. Although the data set may incorporate higher-resolution data at a few places, the resolution of the combined data-base output will be limited by the lower-resolution data.
Hart, E.W., 1988, Fault-rupture zones in California; Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones Act of 1972 with index to special studies zones maps: California Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey Information Services
    Box 25286 Denver Federal Center
    Denver, CO
    USA

    303-202-4700 (voice)
    303-202-4693 (FAX)
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides these geographic data "as is." The USGS makes no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of information contained in the geographic data. The USGS further makes no warranties, either expressed or implied as to any other matter whatsoever, including, without limitation, the condition of the product, or its fitness for any particular purpose. The burden for determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user. Although these data have been processed successfully on computers at the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS regarding the use of these data on any other system, nor does the fact of distribution constitute or imply any such warranty.
    In no event shall the USGS have any liability whatsoever for payment of any consequential, incidental, indirect, special, or tort damages of any kind, including, but not limited to, any loss of profits arising out of use of or reliance on the geographic data or arising out of the delivery, installation, operation, or support by USGS.
    The Geologic Map and Digital Database of the Redlands 7.5' Quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California, 1:24,000 map-scale, and any derivative maps thereof, is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale larger than 1:24,000 (e.g., 1:12,000).
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 10-Jun-2016
Last Reviewed: 26-Jul-2004
Metadata author:
Peter N Schweitzer
USGS Midwest Area
Collection manager, USGS Geoscience Data Clearinghouse, http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/
Mail Stop 954
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr
Reston, VA
USA

703-648-6533 (voice)
703-648-6252 (FAX)
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