Sediment Magnetic and Geochemical Data from Quaternary Lacustrine Sediment in Two Cores from Tule Lake, Siskiyou County, California

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Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Patti J. Best
Originator: Richard L. Reynolds
Originator: Joseph G. Rosenbaum
Originator: Walt Dean
Originator: Jeannine Honey
Originator: John Drexler
Originator: David. P. Adam
Title:

Sediment Magnetic and Geochemical Data from Quaternary Lacustrine Sediment in Two Cores from Tule Lake, Siskiyou County, California

Publication_Date: 1996
Edition: First
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: model
Series_Information:

Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 96-293

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Denver Colorado
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-293/of96-293.html

Description:

Abstract:

Sediment magnetic and geochemical results have been obtained from the top 60 meters of lacustrine sediments recovered in two cores from Tule Lake in northern California. The sediment magnetic and geochemical data, presented here in tabular form, complement studies of diatoms and pollen in the cores that are the bases for published paleoclimatic interpretations. This report also documents the methods used to obtain the magnetic properties and geochemical data.

Purpose:

Comparisons of magnetic mineral and geochemical records to the existing climate records to provide insight into the response of lake-watershed system to climate change.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1996

Currentness_Reference: publication date

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.80
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.80
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.00
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.00

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: geophysics
Theme_Keyword: geochemistry
Theme_Keyword: geologic history
Theme_Keyword: paleomagnetic analysis
Theme_Keyword: unconsolidated deposits
Theme_Keyword: grain-size analysis
Theme_Keyword: magnetic susceptibility
Theme_Keyword: remanent magnetism
Theme_Keyword: X-ray fluorescence
Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Theme_Keyword: Paleomagnetics
Theme_Keyword: Lacustrine
Theme_Keyword: Lake
Theme_Keyword: Sediments
Theme_Keyword: Core
Theme_Keyword: Magnetic properties
Theme_Keyword: Grain size
Theme_Keyword: Demagnetization
Theme_Keyword: Declination
Theme_Keyword: Inclination
Theme_Keyword: Magnetic susceptibility
Theme_Keyword: Natural remanent magnetization
Theme_Keyword: Anhysteric remanent magnetization
Theme_Keyword: Organic carbon
Theme_Keyword: Coercivity of remanence
Theme_Keyword: X-ray fluorescence
Theme_Keyword: Elemental abundance

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Place_Keyword: United States of America
Place_Keyword: Western U.S.
Place_Keyword: California
Place_Keyword: Siskiyou County
Place_Keyword: Tule Lake

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Temporal_Keyword: Quaternary
Temporal_Keyword: Holocene
Temporal_Keyword: Recent

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Geologic Map Database Catalog themes, augmented
Theme_Keyword: 1900 - Geochemistry
Theme_Keyword: 1200 - Geophysics
Theme_Keyword: 1201 - Magnetics
Theme_Keyword: 1600 - Geochronology

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Augmented FIPS 10-4 and FIPS 6-4
Place_Keyword: f06093 = Siskiyou

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints: none
Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Richard L. Reynolds
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address
Address: Box 25046, Denver Federal Center,
Address: Mail Stop 980
City: Denver
State_or_Province: Colorado
Postal_Code: 80225-0046
Country: United States of America

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 236-1303
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rreynolds@usgs.gov

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Sampling:
Samples used for magnetic susceptibility and laboratory induced magnetizations were taken approximately every 5 cm. Samples, approximately 8 cm3 in volume and representing about 2 cm of depth in the core.
Selected samples from the above group were used for geochemical and sedimentological analysis
Magnetic Susceptibility: Volume susceptibility (MS) was measured using a susceptometer with a sensitivity better than 10-5 volume SI. Samples were measured in a 0.1 mT induction at a low frequency of 600Hz (MSlf) and high frequency of 6000 Hz (MShf).
Laboratory induced magnetization:
A high-speed spinner magnetometer was used to measure anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM). ARM was imparted in a decreasing AF from a peak induction of 100 mT and a DC bias of 0.1 mT. IRM magnetizations were generated at room temperature using an impulse magnetizer.
Elemental Abundance:
Elemental abundances were determined on selected samples using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis.
Total carbon and inorganic carbon:
Total carbon and inorganic (carbonate) carbon were determined using a coulometer on splits of powdered 1-cm samples of sediment The carbonate in the untreated whole sample was acidified with perchloric acid to liberate CO2. Total carbon was measured by titrating CO2 liberated during sample combustion at 1050o C in a stream of oxygen. The technique has a precision of better than 0.5% for both carbonate and total carbon.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Two cores were taken at the Tule Lake site to provide a composite section of the top 60 meters of lacustrine sediment. Samples from core TL-1 range in depth from 0.875m to 12.255m and Samples from core TL-2 range in depth from 7.306m to 61.525m. Together they document 60.65 meters of sediment. "Adjusted depth in core (m)" reflects the numerical adjustment of depths in core TL-2 to stratigraphically align the two cores. Adjusted depth is given for all samples.
The combination of the "Tule Lake sample no." and the "core no." provide a unique identifier for each sample. These designations, individually or combined, are used in all tables in this report.

Completeness_Report:

A total of 738 samples were collected
"Sample Density (kg/m3)" is recorder for all samples.
Sediment magnetic data are recorded for all samples.
Elemental abundance data are recorded for 100 samples, 21 from core TL-1 and 79 from core TL-2.
Carbon contents data are recorded for 96 samples. Sediment magnetic data are recorded for all samples, 20 from core TL-1 and 76 from core TL-2.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

The horizontal coordinates of the Tule Lake core site were determined from the position of the site on a 7.5 minute topo quad map The accuracy of the measurements are estimated to be + or - 0.005 degrees latitude and + or - 0.005 degrees longitude.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

The altitude of the core sight was determined from a 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle map.

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Adam, D.P.
Originator: Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M.
Originator: Rieck, H.J.
Originator: Bradbury, J.P.
Originator: Dean, W.E.
Originator: Forester, R.M.
Publication_Date: 1989
Title: Tulelake, California: The last 3 million years,
Edition: First
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Issue_Identification: v.72

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier

Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: Recent to Pliocene

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Adam and others (1989)
Source_Contribution: site description, drilling methods, lithology of sediments

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Best, P.J.
Publication_Date: 1996
Title:

Environmental controls on magnetic mineralogy and geochemistry of late Quaternary lacustrine sediments from Grass Lake and Tule Lake, northern California: M.S. Thesis, 139 p.

Edition: First
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Masters of Science Thesis
Issue_Identification: none

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Boulder Colorado
Publisher: University of Colorado, Boulder

Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: Quaternary

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Best, 1996
Source_Contribution: background study

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Bradbury, J.P.
Publication_Date: 1991
Title:

The late Cenozoic diatom stratigraphy and paleolimnology of Tule Lake, Siskyou County, California

Edition: First
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Paleolimnology
Issue_Identification: v.6

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Dordrecht, Netherlands
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers

Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: late Cenozoic

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Best, 1996
Source_Contribution: complementary study

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Dean, W.E.
Publication_Date: 1996
Title: Geochemistry of sediments from Tule Lake, California
Edition: First
Series_Information:

Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 96-257

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Denver
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: Pliocene to Recent

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Best, 1996
Source_Contribution: complementary study

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Sampling
Samples used for magnetic susceptibility and laboratory induced magnetizations were taken approximately every 5 cm. Samples, approximately 8 cm3 in volume and representing about 2 cm of depth in the core, were carved from the core and placed into plastic bags. Samples were transferred from bags into plastic cubes (3.2 cm3 in volume) for magnetic mineral measurements.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Magnetic Susceptibility
Volume susceptibility (MS) was measured using a susceptometer with a sensitivity better than 10-5 volume SI. Samples were measured in a 0.1 mT induction at a low frequency of 600Hz ( MSlf) and high frequency of 6000 Hz (MShf). For each sample, the MS value was determined as the mean of four measurements. Frequency dependent susceptibility was calculated as:
FDMS=(MSlf-MShf)/MSlf.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Laboratory induced magnetization
A high-speed spinner magnetometer was used to measure anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM). ARM was imparted in a decreasing AF from a peak induction of 100 mT and a DC bias of 0.1 mT. IRM magnetizations were generated at room temperature using an impulse magnetizer. Samples were first subjected to IRM in a 1. 2T induction (IRM1.2T.) and were then were then magnetized in the opposite direction using an induction of 0.3T (IRM -0.3T). Hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) and the S- parameter were calculated as follows (King and Channel, 1991):
HIRM=(IRM1.2T+IRM-0.3T)/2
S=IRM-0.3T/IRM1.2T

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Elemental Abundance
Elemental abundances were determined on selected samples using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis at the University of Colorado's Department of Geological Sciences. Contents of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sr, Ti, V, Y, Zn and Zr were measured.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Determination of carbon content
Total carbon and inorganic (carbonate) carbon were determined using a coulometer on splits of powdered 1-cm samples of sediment (see Engleman and others, 1985) (Table 4). The carbonate in the untreated whole sample was acidified with perchloric acid to liberate CO2, which was titrated in the coulometer cell to measure carbonate carbon. Total carbon was measured by titrating CO2 liberated during sample combustion at 1050o C in a stream of oxygen. The technique has a precision of better than ± 0.5% for both carbonate and total carbon. Organic carbon was calculated as the difference between total and carbonate carbon.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description: Creation of original metadata record
Process_Date: 19990618
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Kevin M. Foley
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address
Address: U.S. Geological Survey
Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Mail Stop 918
City: Reston
State_or_Province: Virginia
Postal_Code: 20192
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-5285
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6560
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kfoley@usgs.gov

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.05
Longitude_Resolution: 0.05
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Altitude_System_Definition:

Altitude_Resolution: 5
Altitude_Distance_Units: feet
Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988

Depth_System_Definition:

Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
Depth_Resolution: .01
Depth_Distance_Units: meters
Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

Tule Lake Sample no.: A unique sample number used for all measurements.
Core no.: Identifies core. Five cores were recovered from Tule Lake. This document provides data from cores 1 and 2.
Drive no.: Identifies location in the core. Each core was divided into drives numbered sequentially starting with 1 at the top. Some drives have been further divided into slugs indicated by letters, starting with A at the top of the drive.
Drive depth: The depth in meters of the top of the drive from the top of the core. Taken from driller¹s reports.
Sample depth in drive (m): Midpoint of sample depth interval in meters.
Sample depth in core (m): Sample depth within drive (m) plus adjusted depth from top of core.
Adjusted depth in core (m): The depth in meters of the top of the drive from the top of the core. Depths for core 2 have been lowered by 1.17 meters based on the location of the Trego Hot Springs ash located in each core (see Bradbury, 1991).
Sample density (kg/m3): Density of sample calculated from the mass of the dried box samples used in magnetic mineral studies.
MSLF: Low-frequency magnetic susceptibility in m3/kg.
FDMS: Frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility in percent.
IRM (1.2T): Isothermal remanent magnetization from induction in a 1.2 tesla field at room temperature. Expressed in Am2/kg.
IRM (-.3T): Isothermal remanent magnetization from induction in a -0.3 tesla field at room temperature. Expressed in Am2/kg.
S: (S Ratio) calculated as IRM (-0.3T)/IRM(1.2T).
HIRM: Hard isothermal remanent magnetization: HIRM is calculated as: [IRM(1.2T) + IRM(-0.3T)]/2 and expressed in Am2/kg.
ARM: Anhysteretic remanent magnetization in Am2/kg.
Element concentration, Cr: Chromium-ppm
Element concentration, Cr: Copper-ppm
Element concentration, Fe: Iron- Wt%
Element concentration, Mn: Manganese-ppm
Element concentration, Mo: Molybdenum-ppm
Element concentration, Nb: Niobium-ppm
Element concentration, Ni: Nickel-ppm
Element concentration, Rb: Rubidium-ppm
Element concentration, Sr: Strontium-ppm
Element concentration, Ti: Titanium-Wt %
Element concentration, V: Vanadium-ppm
Element concentration, Y: Yttrium-ppm
Element concentration, Zn: Zinc-ppm
Element concentration, Zr: Zirconium-ppm
Total Carbon: Percent of carbon (both organic and inorganic) in sample.
Carbonate Carbon: Percent of inorganic carbon in sample.
Organic Carbon: Percent of organic carbon in sample. Calculated as total carbon minus carbonate carbon.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-293

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Kevin M. Foley

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address
Address:

Mail Stop 918 National Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive

City: Reston
State_or_Province: VA
Postal_Code: 20192
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-5285
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6560
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kfoley@usgs.gov

Distribution_Liability:

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

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Format_Name: Columnar text (tab-delimited)
Format_Information_Content: Sample numbers and depths
File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied
Transfer_Size: 0.02

Digital_Transfer_Option:

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Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-293/core/raw/tl1.tab

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

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File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied
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Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-293/core/raw/tl2.tab

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Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-293/core/raw/tl3.tab

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Format_Name: Columnar text (tab-delimited)
Format_Information_Content: Carbon abundances
File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied
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Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-293/core/raw/tl4.tab

Fees: none

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20160613
Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Peter N Schweitzer
Contact_Organization: USGS Midwest Area

Contact_Position:

Collection manager, USGS Geoscience Data Clearinghouse, http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address
Address:

Mail Stop 954
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr

City: Reston
State_or_Province: VA
Postal_Code: 20192-0002
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-6533
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-648-6252
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pschweitzer@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

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