Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Patti J. Best Originator: Richard L. Reynolds Originator: Joseph G. Rosenbaum Originator: Walt Dean Originator: Jeannine Honey Originator: John Drexler Originator: David. P. Adam Title: Sediment Magnetic and Geochemical Data from Quaternary Lacustrine Sediment in Two Cores from Tule Lake, Siskiyou County, California Publication_Date: 1996 Edition: First Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: model Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 96-293 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver Colorado Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-293/of96-293.html Description: Abstract: Sediment magnetic and geochemical results have been obtained from the top 60 meters of lacustrine sediments recovered in two cores from Tule Lake in northern California. The sediment magnetic and geochemical data, presented here in tabular form, complement studies of diatoms and pollen in the cores that are the bases for published paleoclimatic interpretations. This report also documents the methods used to obtain the magnetic properties and geochemical data. Purpose: Comparisons of magnetic mineral and geochemical records to the existing climate records to provide insight into the response of lake-watershed system to climate change. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1996 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.80 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.80 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.00 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.00 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: geophysics Theme_Keyword: geochemistry Theme_Keyword: geologic history Theme_Keyword: paleomagnetic analysis Theme_Keyword: unconsolidated deposits Theme_Keyword: grain-size analysis Theme_Keyword: magnetic susceptibility Theme_Keyword: remanent magnetism Theme_Keyword: X-ray fluorescence Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: Paleomagnetics Theme_Keyword: Lacustrine Theme_Keyword: Lake Theme_Keyword: Sediments Theme_Keyword: Core Theme_Keyword: Magnetic properties Theme_Keyword: Grain size Theme_Keyword: Demagnetization Theme_Keyword: Declination Theme_Keyword: Inclination Theme_Keyword: Magnetic susceptibility Theme_Keyword: Natural remanent magnetization Theme_Keyword: Anhysteric remanent magnetization Theme_Keyword: Organic carbon Theme_Keyword: Coercivity of remanence Theme_Keyword: X-ray fluorescence Theme_Keyword: Elemental abundance Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: Western U.S. Place_Keyword: California Place_Keyword: Siskiyou County Place_Keyword: Tule Lake Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Temporal_Keyword: Quaternary Temporal_Keyword: Holocene Temporal_Keyword: Recent Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Geologic Map Database Catalog themes, augmented Theme_Keyword: 1900 - Geochemistry Theme_Keyword: 1200 - Geophysics Theme_Keyword: 1201 - Magnetics Theme_Keyword: 1600 - Geochronology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Augmented FIPS 10-4 and FIPS 6-4 Place_Keyword: f06093 = Siskiyou Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: none Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Richard L. Reynolds Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Address: Mail Stop 980 City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: United States of America Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 236-1303 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rreynolds@usgs.gov Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Sampling: Samples used for magnetic susceptibility and laboratory induced magnetizations were taken approximately every 5 cm. Samples, approximately 8 cm3 in volume and representing about 2 cm of depth in the core. Selected samples from the above group were used for geochemical and sedimentological analysis Magnetic Susceptibility: Volume susceptibility (MS) was measured using a susceptometer with a sensitivity better than 10-5 volume SI. Samples were measured in a 0.1 mT induction at a low frequency of 600Hz (MSlf) and high frequency of 6000 Hz (MShf). Laboratory induced magnetization: A high-speed spinner magnetometer was used to measure anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM). ARM was imparted in a decreasing AF from a peak induction of 100 mT and a DC bias of 0.1 mT. IRM magnetizations were generated at room temperature using an impulse magnetizer. Elemental Abundance: Elemental abundances were determined on selected samples using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. Total carbon and inorganic carbon: Total carbon and inorganic (carbonate) carbon were determined using a coulometer on splits of powdered 1-cm samples of sediment The carbonate in the untreated whole sample was acidified with perchloric acid to liberate CO2. Total carbon was measured by titrating CO2 liberated during sample combustion at 1050o C in a stream of oxygen. The technique has a precision of better than 0.5% for both carbonate and total carbon. Logical_Consistency_Report: Two cores were taken at the Tule Lake site to provide a composite section of the top 60 meters of lacustrine sediment. Samples from core TL-1 range in depth from 0.875m to 12.255m and Samples from core TL-2 range in depth from 7.306m to 61.525m. Together they document 60.65 meters of sediment. "Adjusted depth in core (m)" reflects the numerical adjustment of depths in core TL-2 to stratigraphically align the two cores. Adjusted depth is given for all samples. The combination of the "Tule Lake sample no." and the "core no." provide a unique identifier for each sample. These designations, individually or combined, are used in all tables in this report. Completeness_Report: A total of 738 samples were collected "Sample Density (kg/m3)" is recorder for all samples. Sediment magnetic data are recorded for all samples. Elemental abundance data are recorded for 100 samples, 21 from core TL-1 and 79 from core TL-2. Carbon contents data are recorded for 96 samples. Sediment magnetic data are recorded for all samples, 20 from core TL-1 and 76 from core TL-2. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The horizontal coordinates of the Tule Lake core site were determined from the position of the site on a 7.5 minute topo quad map The accuracy of the measurements are estimated to be + or - 0.005 degrees latitude and + or - 0.005 degrees longitude. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The altitude of the core sight was determined from a 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle map. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Adam, D.P. Originator: Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. Originator: Rieck, H.J. Originator: Bradbury, J.P. Originator: Dean, W.E. Originator: Forester, R.M. Publication_Date: 1989 Title: Tulelake, California: The last 3 million years, Edition: First Series_Information: Series_Name: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Issue_Identification: v.72 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New York Publisher: Elsevier Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Recent to Pliocene Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Adam and others (1989) Source_Contribution: site description, drilling methods, lithology of sediments Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Best, P.J. Publication_Date: 1996 Title: Environmental controls on magnetic mineralogy and geochemistry of late Quaternary lacustrine sediments from Grass Lake and Tule Lake, northern California: M.S. Thesis, 139 p. Edition: First Series_Information: Series_Name: Masters of Science Thesis Issue_Identification: none Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Boulder Colorado Publisher: University of Colorado, Boulder Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Quaternary Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Best, 1996 Source_Contribution: background study Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Bradbury, J.P. Publication_Date: 1991 Title: The late Cenozoic diatom stratigraphy and paleolimnology of Tule Lake, Siskyou County, California Edition: First Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Paleolimnology Issue_Identification: v.6 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Dordrecht, Netherlands Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: late Cenozoic Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Best, 1996 Source_Contribution: complementary study Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Dean, W.E. Publication_Date: 1996 Title: Geochemistry of sediments from Tule Lake, California Edition: First Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 96-257 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Pliocene to Recent Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Best, 1996 Source_Contribution: complementary study Process_Step: Process_Description: Sampling Samples used for magnetic susceptibility and laboratory induced magnetizations were taken approximately every 5 cm. Samples, approximately 8 cm3 in volume and representing about 2 cm of depth in the core, were carved from the core and placed into plastic bags. Samples were transferred from bags into plastic cubes (3.2 cm3 in volume) for magnetic mineral measurements. Process_Date: Unknown Process_Step: Process_Description: Magnetic Susceptibility Volume susceptibility (MS) was measured using a susceptometer with a sensitivity better than 10-5 volume SI. Samples were measured in a 0.1 mT induction at a low frequency of 600Hz ( MSlf) and high frequency of 6000 Hz (MShf). For each sample, the MS value was determined as the mean of four measurements. Frequency dependent susceptibility was calculated as: FDMS=(MSlf-MShf)/MSlf. Process_Date: Unknown Process_Step: Process_Description: Laboratory induced magnetization A high-speed spinner magnetometer was used to measure anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM). ARM was imparted in a decreasing AF from a peak induction of 100 mT and a DC bias of 0.1 mT. IRM magnetizations were generated at room temperature using an impulse magnetizer. Samples were first subjected to IRM in a 1. 2T induction (IRM1.2T.) and were then were then magnetized in the opposite direction using an induction of 0.3T (IRM -0.3T). Hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) and the S- parameter were calculated as follows (King and Channel, 1991): HIRM=(IRM1.2T+IRM-0.3T)/2 S=IRM-0.3T/IRM1.2T Process_Date: Unknown Process_Step: Process_Description: Elemental Abundance Elemental abundances were determined on selected samples using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis at the University of Colorado's Department of Geological Sciences. Contents of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sr, Ti, V, Y, Zn and Zr were measured. Process_Date: Unknown Process_Step: Process_Description: Determination of carbon content Total carbon and inorganic (carbonate) carbon were determined using a coulometer on splits of powdered 1-cm samples of sediment (see Engleman and others, 1985) (Table 4). The carbonate in the untreated whole sample was acidified with perchloric acid to liberate CO2, which was titrated in the coulometer cell to measure carbonate carbon. Total carbon was measured by titrating CO2 liberated during sample combustion at 1050o C in a stream of oxygen. The technique has a precision of better than ± 0.5% for both carbonate and total carbon. Organic carbon was calculated as the difference between total and carbonate carbon. Process_Date: Unknown Process_Step: Process_Description: Creation of original metadata record Process_Date: 19990618 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kevin M. Foley Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Mail Stop 918 City: Reston State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-5285 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6560 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kfoley@usgs.gov Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.05 Longitude_Resolution: 0.05 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Resolution: 5 Altitude_Distance_Units: feet Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface Depth_Resolution: .01 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Tule Lake Sample no.: A unique sample number used for all measurements. Core no.: Identifies core. Five cores were recovered from Tule Lake. This document provides data from cores 1 and 2. Drive no.: Identifies location in the core. Each core was divided into drives numbered sequentially starting with 1 at the top. Some drives have been further divided into slugs indicated by letters, starting with A at the top of the drive. Drive depth: The depth in meters of the top of the drive from the top of the core. Taken from driller¹s reports. Sample depth in drive (m): Midpoint of sample depth interval in meters. Sample depth in core (m): Sample depth within drive (m) plus adjusted depth from top of core. Adjusted depth in core (m): The depth in meters of the top of the drive from the top of the core. Depths for core 2 have been lowered by 1.17 meters based on the location of the Trego Hot Springs ash located in each core (see Bradbury, 1991). Sample density (kg/m3): Density of sample calculated from the mass of the dried box samples used in magnetic mineral studies. MSLF: Low-frequency magnetic susceptibility in m3/kg. FDMS: Frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility in percent. IRM (1.2T): Isothermal remanent magnetization from induction in a 1.2 tesla field at room temperature. Expressed in Am2/kg. IRM (-.3T): Isothermal remanent magnetization from induction in a -0.3 tesla field at room temperature. Expressed in Am2/kg. S: (S Ratio) calculated as IRM (-0.3T)/IRM(1.2T). HIRM: Hard isothermal remanent magnetization: HIRM is calculated as: [IRM(1.2T) + IRM(-0.3T)]/2 and expressed in Am2/kg. ARM: Anhysteretic remanent magnetization in Am2/kg. Element concentration, Cr: Chromium-ppm Element concentration, Cr: Copper-ppm Element concentration, Fe: Iron- Wt% Element concentration, Mn: Manganese-ppm Element concentration, Mo: Molybdenum-ppm Element concentration, Nb: Niobium-ppm Element concentration, Ni: Nickel-ppm Element concentration, Rb: Rubidium-ppm Element concentration, Sr: Strontium-ppm Element concentration, Ti: Titanium-Wt % Element concentration, V: Vanadium-ppm Element concentration, Y: Yttrium-ppm Element concentration, Zn: Zinc-ppm Element concentration, Zr: Zirconium-ppm Total Carbon: Percent of carbon (both organic and inorganic) in sample. Carbonate Carbon: Percent of inorganic carbon in sample. Organic Carbon: Percent of organic carbon in sample. Calculated as total carbon minus carbonate carbon. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-293 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kevin M. Foley Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Mail Stop 918 National Center U.S. Geological Survey 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-5285 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6560 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kfoley@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Columnar text (tab-delimited) Format_Information_Content: Sample numbers and depths File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied Transfer_Size: 0.02 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-293/core/raw/tl1.tab Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Columnar text (tab-delimited) Format_Information_Content: Sediment magnetic data File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied Transfer_Size: 0.02 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-293/core/raw/tl2.tab Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Columnar text (tab-delimited) Format_Information_Content: Elemental Abundance from X-ray Fluorescence File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied Transfer_Size: 0.02 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-293/core/raw/tl3.tab Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Columnar text (tab-delimited) Format_Information_Content: Carbon abundances File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied Transfer_Size: 0.02 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-293/core/raw/tl4.tab Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20160613 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peter N Schweitzer Contact_Organization: USGS Midwest Area Contact_Position: Collection manager, USGS Geoscience Data Clearinghouse, http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/ Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Mail Stop 954 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192-0002 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-6533 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-648-6252 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pschweitzer@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998