Quaternary geologic map of the Winnipeg 4° × 6° quadrangle, United States and Canada

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What does this data set describe?

Title:
Quaternary geologic map of the Winnipeg 4° × 6° quadrangle, United States and Canada
Abstract:
The Quaternary Geologic Map of the Winnipeg 4° × 6° Degree Quadrangle, United States and Canada, is a component of the U.S. Geological Survey Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States map series (Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-1420), an effort to produce 4° × 6° Quaternary geologic maps, at 1:1 million scale, of the entire conterminous United States and adjacent Canada. The map and the accompanying text and supplemental illustrations provide a regional overview of the areal distributions and characteristics of surficial deposits and materials of Quaternary age (~1.8 Ma to present) in parts of North Dakota, Minnesota, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. The map is not a map of soils as soils are recognized in agriculture. Rather, it is a map of soils as recognized in engineering geology, or of substrata or parent materials in which agricultural soils are formed.
The map units are distinguished chiefly on the basis of (1)genesis (processes of origin) or environments of deposition: for example, sediments deposited primarily by glacial ice (glacial deposits or till), sediments deposited in lakes (lacustrine deposits), or sediments deposited by wind (eolian deposits); (2) age: for example, how long ago the deposits accumulated; (3) texture (grain size)of the deposits or materials; (4) composition (particle lithology) of the deposits or materials; (5) thickness; and (6) other physical, chemical, and engineering properties. Supplemental illustrations show (1) temporal correlation of the map units, (2) the areal relationships of late Wisconsin glacial ice lobes and sublobes, (3) temporal and spatial correlation of late Wisconsin glacial phases, readvance limits, and ice margin stillstands, (4) temporal and stratigraphic correlation of surface and subsurface glacial deposits in the Winnipeg quadrangle and in adjacent 4° × 6° quadrangles, and (5) responsibility for state and province compilations.
The database provides information related to geologic hazards (for example, materials that are characterized by expansive clay minerals; landslide deposits or landslide-prone deposits), natural resources (for example, sources of aggregate, peat, and clay; potential shallow sources of groundwater), and areas of environmental concern (for example, areas that are potentially suitable for specific ecosystem habitats; areas of potential soil and groundwater contamination). All of these aspects of the database relate directly to land use, management, and policy. The map, text, and accompanying illustrations provide a database of regional scope related to geologic history, climatic changes, the stratigraphic and chronologic frameworks of surface and subsurface deposits and materials of Quaternary age, and other problems and concerns.
Supplemental_Information:
The map data were compiled from many sources, including maps at scales as large as 1:24,000. Sources of information are listed in a 16-page pamphlet that accompanies the printed edition of the map. The pamphlet is also available online as a PDF file that accompanies the browse graphic for the map.
Most of the original map data were compiled at 1:250,000 scale by the compilers. Those data were provided to the editor/integrator by the compilers, at either 1:250,000 scale, 1:500,000 scale, or 1:1,000,000 scale. Data provided at smaller scales were photographically reduced to 1:1,000,000 scale by the editor/integrator.
The source data were greatly simplified or generalized for the purposes of this compilation. Consequently, this map, at 1:1,000,000 scale, is intended to be used for regional analysis, rather than for detailed analysis of specific areas in the region.
The digital file was prepared at 1:1,000,000 nominal viewing scale. If the map is enlarged to larger scales (for example, 1:250,000, 1:100,000, or 1:24,000 scale), resolution of the map data is greatly diminished. Enlargement will not restore resolution that was lost by simplification or generalization of data.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Fullerton, David S., Ringrose, Susan M., Clayton, Lee, Schreiner, Bryan T., and Goebel, Joseph E., 2000, Quaternary geologic map of the Winnipeg 4° × 6° quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NM-14), U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    U.S. Geological Survey, 1983, Quaternary geologic atlas of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -102.0
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -96.0
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 52.0
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.0
  3. What does it look like?
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nm-14/i-1420.gif (GIF)
    Low-resolution image of the entire map sheet.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nm-14/I-1420_nm-14_screen.pdf (PDF)
    Complete map layout, including supplemental illustrations, correlation diagram, full description of map units and symbols, and location and description of 43 stratigraphic sections. An accompanying pamphlet contains references cited.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 1976
    Ending_Date: 1996
    Currentness_Reference:
    The Quaternary geology of the Winnipeg quadrangle was compiled 1976-85, 1987, and 1990-96.
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      The map projection used is Lambert Conformal Conic.
      Projection parameters:
      Standard_Parallel: 48.6666666667
      Standard_Parallel: 51.3333333333
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -99.00
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
      False_Easting: 0
      False_Northing: 0
      Planar coordinates are encoded using Coordinate pair
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meters
      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1927.
      The ellipsoid used is Clarke 1866.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378206.4.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/294.98.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    geo_net.pat
    Polygons defined in geo_net.pat
    name
    Abbreviation for the type of deposit the polygon represents.
    ValueDefinition
    edDune sand (Holocene)
    euEolian sheet sand and silt (Holocene)
    hpPeat and muck (Holocene)
    alAlluvium (Holocene and Late Wisconsin)
    afjAlluvial-fan deposit (Holocene and Late Wisconsin)
    lcaLake clay and silt (Holocene and Late Wisconsin)
    lssLake silt and sand (Holocene and Late Wisconsin)
    lsaLake sand and gravel (Holocene and Late Wisconsin)
    luLake clay, silt, sand, and gravel (Holocene and Late Wisconsin)
    jeaSlump-block, earthflow, debris-flow, and mudflow landslide deposits (Holocene and Late Wisconsin)
    caaColluvium, sheetwash alluvium, and landslide deposits (Holocene and Late Wisconsin)
    hsSwamp deposit (Holocene and Late Wisconsin)
    tcClayey till, ground moraine (Late Wisconsin)
    tc(e)Clayey till, end moraine (Late Wisconsin)
    tlgLoamy till (Late Wisconsin)
    tkuLoamy till, ground moraine (Late Wisconsin)
    tku(e)Loamy till, end moraine (Late Wisconsin)
    tkrLoamy till, discontinuous loamy till (Late Wisconsin)
    tlxLoamy till, ground moraine (Late Wisconsin)
    tlx(q)Loamy till, flood-scoured till (Late Wisconsin)
    tlx(e)Loamy till, end moraine (Late Wisconsin)
    tlx(s)Loamy till, stagnation moraine (Late Wisconsin)
    tlrLoamy till, discontinous loamy till (Late Wisconsin)
    tlwLoamy till, ground moraine (Late Wisconsin)
    tlw(e)Loamy till, end moraine (Late Wisconsin)
    tsrDiscontinuous sandy till (Late Wisconsin)
    keKame moraine deposit (Late Wisconsin)
    kgIce-contact sand and gravel (Late Wisconsin)
    ksIce-contact sand (Late Wisconsin)
    gkOutwash and ice-contact gravel, sand, and silt (Late Wisconsin)
    ggOutwash sand and gravel (Late Wisconsin)
    gsOutwash sand and silt (Late Wisconsin)
    aqaFlood deposits (Late Wisconsin)
    aqbFlood deposits and flood-scoured till (Late Wisconsin)
    ldaLake density-current underflow-fan deposit (Late Wisconsin)
    ldbLake delta deposit (Late Wisconsin)
    ITGlaciotectonic deposits
    waterOpen water (only the largest lakes were attributed as open water).
    geocode
    general type of polygon
    ValueDefinition
    (blank) 
    IT 
    map unitpolygon is a geologic unit whose type is indicated by the attribute "name"
    open water 
    geo_net.aat
    Linear features described in the geo_net coverage
    accuracy
    An indication of the certainty with which a line's position is known.
    ValueDefinition
    (blank)position is approximate or inferred
    certainposition is determined objectively
    geocode_l
    General nature of the line
    ValueDefinition
    colorboundary 
    contactIntersection between the surface of the earth and the surface defined by abutting geologic units
    shoreline 
    stru_lin.aat
    Lines defined in the coverage stru_lin
    accuracy
    accuracy of location of arcs in the stru_lin coverage
    ValueDefinition
    certain 
    concealed 
    inferred 
    geocode
    Inferred geologic nature of the line. Most of the ice-molded landform features are point features on the geo_pnt coverage that have an orientation but were treated as features of arbitrary length. The actual lengths of a few ice-molded landforms along the south edge of the map area are shown; these arcs are included with the stru_lin coverage.
    NOTE: The direction of the arcs is significant in that it determines on which side of the arc tics or other decorations are placed to show the side of glacial advance. If these coverages are cleaned the arcs can 'flip' and the tics will end up on the incorrect side of the arc. Please refer to the graphic file for correct placement of tics and other decorations.
    ValueDefinition
    distal margin of glaciotectonic terraine 
    esker 
    glaciotectonic raft 
    ice-molded landform 
    limit of glacial advance 
    washboard moraine 
    geo_pnt.pat
    Points that mark the extent of dune fields and points that show location of ice-molded landforms (drumlins, rock drumlins, flutes, or grooves)
    geocode
    Type of point
    ValueDefinition
    dune 
    ice-molded landform 
    azimuth
    Orientation of ice-molded landform, relative to geographic (true) north, with positive values counter-clockwise (a value of 90 is due west).
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:360
    Units:degree
    Resolution:1
    pnt_sym.pat
    Points that show location of dunes whose orientations indicate wind direction and striations that indicate direction of ice movement.
    type
    Surface process inferred at the indicated point
    ValueDefinition
    ice movement 
    wind direction 
    azimuth
    Orientation of ice movement or wind, relative to geographic (true) north. Positive values counter-clockwise (90 is due west).
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:360
    Units:degrees
    Resolution:1
    data_pnt.pat
    Points that show locations of important stratigraphic sections; these sections are described in a pamphlet that accompanies the printed map sheet
    geocode
    This attribute identifies the point as an endpoint of one of the stratigraphic sections shown on the printed map sheet.
    ValueDefinition
    location of section 
    section#
    The number of the section of which this point is an endpoint. Section numbers are arbitrary integers.
    Range of values
    Minimum:1
    Maximum:43
    data_net.aat
    Arcs that form the quadrangle boundary
    geocode_l
    Indicates the role of the arc
    ValueDefinition
    neatlineThe arc forms part of the neatline, the boundary of the mapped area.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The dataset for the Winnipeg quadrangle consists of seven coverages: 
    grfx_pnt
geo_net
stru_lin
geo_pnt
pnt_sym
data_pnt
data_net
    The coverage grfx_pnt is not a "true" ARC/INFO coverage. It contains graphic representations of symbols used on the geologic map and included in the coverages data_pnt, geo_pnt, and pnt_sym.
    The dataset also includes grfx_pnt.dxf, a dxf file derived from grfx_pnt, and wingx.shp, a shapefile derived from grfx_pnt.dxf. The file wingx.shp is readily imported into graphics programs and will import as the graphics symbols shown on the printed edition of the map layout and in the pdf file that accompanies the dataset.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    Additional information is available on the printed map sheets, which are provided in PDF along with the data: 
    I-1420_nm-14_screen.pdf   -- a screen-optimized PDF file of the map sheet
I-1420_nm-14_print.pdf    -- a print-optimized PDF file of the map sheet
I-1420_nm-14_pamphlet.pdf -- a PDF file of the 16-page pamphlet that lists sources of data used in compilation of this map
I-1420_nm-14_jacket.pdf   -- a PDF file of the map jacket

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • David S. Fullerton
    • Susan M. Ringrose
    • Lee Clayton
    • Bryan T. Schreiner
    • Joseph E. Goebel
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    The Quaternary geology of the Winnipeg quadrangle was compiled by David S. Fullerton, U.S. Geological Survey, Susan M. Ringrose, Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines, Lee Clayton, North Dakota Geological Survey, Bryan T. Schreiner, Saskatchewan Research Council, and Joseph E. Goebel, Minnesota Geological Survey; the state and province compilations were edited and integrated by David S. Fullerton; the draft compilation was converted to digital form by Techni Graphic Systems, Inc., of Fort Collins, CO, under contract with the U.S. Geological Survey, and by Nancy Shock, U.S. Geological Survey. The map was edited and the digitized product proofread by Diane E. Lane, U.S. Geological Survey.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    David S. Fullerton
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Box 25046, Mail Stop 913, Denver Federal Center
    Denver, Colorado
    USA

    (303) 236-1232 (voice)
    (303) 236-0214 (FAX)
    fullerton@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

The primary objectives were (1) to produce a map of surficial deposits and materials of Quaternary age in the Winnipeg 4° × 6° quadrangle, integrating the Quaternary geology across the International Boundary between North Dakota and Minnesota (in the United States), and Manitoba and Saskatchewan (in Canada), and (2) to compile descriptive information related to the deposits and materials. Based on that integration of data, a secondary objective was to reconstruct the stratigraphic and chronologic frameworks of the surface and subsurface glacial deposits and to reconstruct the glacial history in the region. The data set is a compilation and a synthesis of available data from the region.
Because of the generalization required to produce a map at 1:1 million scale, the map is intended for regional analysis, rather than for detailed analysis in specific areas.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 1999 (process 1 of 6)
    Digitizing contractor scanned source stable-base material, vectorized scan, attributed files from author drafting and annotations, and produced check plots and coverages.
    Date: 1999 (process 2 of 6)
    First author and map editor proofread check plots, and digital map specialist reviewed digital files.
    Date: 1999 (process 3 of 6)
    Digitizing contractor corrected attributing as needed and produced new check plots.
    Date: 1999 (process 4 of 6)
    Digital map specialist and editor proofread new check plots and reviewed digital files, making final corrections as needed; editor imported files into graphics program to prepare cartographic product.
    Date: 2000 (process 5 of 6)
    Cartographic product printed; digital files for database and PDF files of cartographic product placed on ftp server.
    Date: 06-Jul-2000 (process 6 of 6)
    Creation of original metadata record Person who carried out this activity:
    Diane E. Lane
    U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, Central Publications Group
    Geologic Map Editor
    U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 902
    Box 25046, Denver Federal Center
    Denver, CO
    USA

    (303) 236-5476 (voice)
    (303) 236-6287 (FAX)
    delane@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Compilation of geologic data: The accuracy of the map data is dependent on (1) the accuracy of the original source data, (2) the accuracy of transfer of that data to larger scale bases by the compilers, (3) the procedures by which the compilers and the editor/integrator simplified or generalized the data, and (4) the procedures used by, and the objectivity exercised by, the editor/integrator in integration of adjacent parts of the map that were prepared by different compilers. Consequently, aspects of accuracy for the data set cannot be quantified.
    Digitization and attributing of hand-drafted compilation: Digitizing contractor scanned source stable-base material, vectorized scan, attributed files from author drafting and annotations, and produced check plots and coverages. First author and map editor proofread check plots, and digital map specialist reviewed digital files. Digitizing contractor corrected attributing as needed and produced new check plots. Digital map specialist and editor proofread new check plots and reviewed digital files, making final corrections as needed; editor imported files into graphics program to prepare cartographic product. First author proofread cartographic product (the map sheet layout and pamphlet). This map was thoroughly reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The accuracy of location of polygons, lines, and points is consistent with the map scale of 1:1,000,000.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    The map data from Manitoba in the northeastern part of the quadrangle and in the eastern part of the quadrangle north of Minnesota were derived primarily from a single source (Nielsen, Erik, Ringrose, S.M., Matile, G.L.D., Groom, Heather, Mihychuk, M.A., and Conley, G.G., 1981, Surficial Geologic Map of Manitoba: Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines Mineral Resources Map 81-1, scale 1:1,000,000). The compiler for that region was not available to update that compilation in 1990-96, and most of the other sources of information related to that region in Manitoba (listed in "Sources of Information") were not available to the editor.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Most of the map data were compiled from published and unpublished maps at larger scales. The map data, text information, and data used to produce the supplemental illustrations were obtained from many sources, listed in "Sources of Information." The map and text data provided by the compilers were integrated by the editor, and supplemental data (for example, some of the symbols on the map), from listed sources, were added by the editor. The data were compiled and integrated in 1976-85, 1987, and 1990-96. The time period represented by specific data is not specified.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Acknowledgment of the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States and (or) the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data will be appreciated.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    U.S. Geological Survey Information Services
    Box 25286, Denver Federal Center
    Denver, CO
    USA

    1-888-ASK-USGS (voice)
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NM-14), "Quaternary Geologic Map of the Winnipeg 4° × 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada"
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy and functioning of the data set and related material nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Jun-2016
Metadata author:
Peter N Schweitzer
USGS Midwest Area
Collection manager, USGS Geoscience Data Clearinghouse, http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/
Mail Stop 954
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr
Reston, VA
USA

703-648-6533 (voice)
703-648-6252 (FAX)
pschweitzer@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/map-i/1420/NM-14/metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.48 on Tue Jul 03 20:04:46 2018