Digital representation of the Montana state geologic map in ARC/INFO export format.

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Raines, G.L., and Johnson, B.R., 1995, Digital representation of the Montana state geologic map in ARC/INFO export format.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-0691.

   Online Links:

   • http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0691/

   Other_Citation_Details: Files are both ARC/INFO export format (4 files) and PDF.
   

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -116.05
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -104.05
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 49.0
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.3575
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Calendar_Date: 1995

   Currentness_Reference:

   publication date

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a vector data set.
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      The map projection used is Lambert Conformal Conic.
      

      Projection parameters:

      Standard_Parallel: 33.0
      Standard_Parallel: 45.0
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -110.0
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
      False_Easting: 0.0
      False_Northing: 0.0
      

      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest unknown
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest unknown
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   EMTARCS.AAT

   Linear geological eastern Montana (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   ARC_TYPE

   Short name for line type (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   FLT	Observed normal fault
   FLTC	Geologic contact and observed normal fault
   FLTCNCL	Concealed normal fault whose position is inferred
   FLTINF	Normal fault whose position is inferred
   FLTINFC	Geologic contact and normal fault whose position is inferred
   ICESHEET	Continental ice sheet
   TERDIKE	Tertiary dike

   LTYPE

   Line type (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   fault	Location of fault
   other	Location of a linear feature other than a fault

   MODIFIER

   Type of contact, fault, fold or other (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   continental ice sheet	Location of ice sheet
   normal	Normal fault
   tertiary dikes	Location of tertiary dikes

   ACCURACY

   Positional accuracy (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   certain	Definite linear feature
   concealed	Concealed linear feature
   inferred	Inferred linear feature

   FAULT_CONT

   Denotes that arc is both a fault and contact (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   no	Either contact or fault
   yes	Both contact and fault

   LINE_DESCRIP

   LTYPE, MODIFIER, and ACCURACE combined and one attribute (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   EMTGEOL.PAT

   Geology of eastern Montana (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   FORMATION

   Map unit symbol. This field provides a relational key to the associated table wmtgeol.tbl or emtgeol.tbl (these two tables are identical) which provides additional information about each formation. (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   Cu	Cambrian, undifferentiated
   DOW	dry lake area
   Du	Devonian, undifferentiated
   JTR	Jurassic and Triassic rocks, undifferentiated
   Ju	Jurrassic, undifferentiated
   Kb	Bearpaw shale
   Kbf	Belle Fourche shale
   Kc	Colorado shale
   Kcb	Basal part of COdy shale
   Kce	Carlile shale
   Kcl	Claggett formation
   Kdg	Diorite and gabbro
   Keu	Eagle sandstone
   Kf	Frontier formation
   Kfh	Fox Hills sandstone
   Kg	Greenhorn formation
   Kh	Horsethief sandstone
   Khc	Hell Creek formation
   Ki	Idaho batholith and associated masses
   Kib	Border zone of Idaho batholith and associated masses
   Kjr	Judith River formation
   Kk	Kootenia formation and associated rocks
   Kl	Lennep sandstone
   Km	Montana group, undifferentiated
   Kmo	Mowry shale
   Kn	Niobrara formation
   Kp	Pierre shale
   Ksm	St. Mary River formation
   Kt	Thermopolis shale
   Ktc	Telegraph Creek formation
   Ktm	Two Medicine formation
   Ku	Cretaceous, undifferentiated
   Kv	Cretaceous volcanic rocks
   Kvi	Virgelle sandstone
   Mu	Mississippian, undifferentiated
   OW	Open Water
   Ou	Ordovician, undifferentiated
   PAL	Paleozoic rocks, undifferentiated
   PNu	Pennsylvanian, undifferentiated
   Pu	Permian, undifferentiated
   Pu?	Permian, undifferentiated, queried
   QTt	Terrace deposits
   Qal	Alluvium
   Qg	Glacial
   Qgl	Glacial lake deposits
   TKb	Boulder batholith and broadly related rocks
   TKl	Livingston formation
   TRu	Triassic, undifferentiated
   Ta	Arikaree formation
   Td	Tertiary dikes and sills
   Tf	Flaxville gravel
   Tfu	Fort Union formation
   Tg	Tertiary coarse-grained intrusive rocks
   Tga	Tertiary coarse-grained intrusive rocks
   Ts	Tertiary sedimentary rocks, undifferentiated
   Tv	Tertiary volcanic rocks
   Tw	Wasatch formation
   Twc	Willow Creek formation
   Twr	White River formation
   pCa	Belt Series - Altyn limestone
   pCap	Belt Series - Appekunny argillite
   pCb	Belt Series - Purcell basalt
   pCc	Belt Series - Chamberlain shale
   pCd	Belt Series - Diabase, metagabbro, diorite and related rocks
   pCe	Belt Series - Empire shale
   pCg	Belt Series - Greyson shale
   pCga	Belt Series - Grinnel argillite
   pCgr	Granitic facies of Pre-Belt gneiss and schist
   pCgs	Pre-Belt gneiss, schist, and related rocks
   pCgs?	Pre-Belt gneiss, schist, and related rocks, queried
   pCh	Belt Series - Helena limestone
   pCm	Belt Series - Missoula group
   pCm?	Belt Series - Missoula group, queried
   pCn	Belt Series - Newland limestone
   pCnb	Belt Series - North Boulder Group
   pCne	Belt Series - Neihart quartzite
   pCp	Belt Series - Pricard formation
   pCpi	Belt Series - Piegan group
   pCpi?	Belt Series - Piegan group, queried
   pCr	Belt Series - Ravalli group
   pCr?	Belt Series - Ravalli group, queried
   pCs	Belt Series - Spokane shale
   pCsc	Stillwater complex
   pCsi	Belt Series - Siyeh limestone
   pCw	Belt Series - Wallace formation
   pCwc	Belt Series - Wallace formation

   EMTGEOL.AAT

   Linear geologic features (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   ARC_TYPE

   Short name for line type (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   FLTC	Geologic contact and observed normal fault
   CON	Observed contact
   CONAPPX	Contact whose position is not precisely known
   CONQ	Contact whose position is questionable
   FLTINFC	Geologic contact and normal fault whose position is inferred
   POLYBRK	Polygon break

   LTYPE

   Line type (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   contact	location of contact
   fault	location of fault
   polybrk	Location of polygon break

   MODIFIER

   Type of contact, fault, fold or other (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   normal	Normal fault or contact
   polygon break	location of polygon break

   ACCURACY

   Positional accuracy (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   N/A	Accuracy not applicable
   approx. located	Position is not precisely known
   certain	Position is certain
   certain?	Position is questionable
   inferred	Position is inferred

   FAULT_CONT

   Denotes that arc is both a fault and contact (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   yes	Arc is both a location of a fault and a geologic contact
   no	Location of either fault or geologic contact

   LINE_DESCRIP

   LTYPE, MODIFIER, and ACCURACY combined as one attribute (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   EMTGEOL.PAT

   Geology of eastern Montana at specific locations (same attributes as polygon coverage EMTGEOL.PAT) (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   WMTARCS.AAT

   Linear geologic features of western Montana (same attributes as arc coverage EMTARCS.AAT with the additional attributes below) (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   ARC_TYPE

   Short name for line type (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   DIKEPCB	Dike of geologic unit pCb
   DIKEPCD	Dike of geologic unit pCd
   DIKEPDBC	Dike of geologic unit pCb and also a geologic contact
   DIKEPU	Dike of geologic unit Pu
   DIKEPUC	Dike of geologic unit Pu and also a geologic contact
   FLTCNCLC	Concealed fault whose position is the same as a geologic contact
   FLTTHR	Observed thrust fault
   FLTTHRC	Observed thrust fault whose position is the same as a geologic contact
   FLTTHRI	Fault thrust whose position is inferred
   FLTTHRIC	Fault thrust whose position is inferred and has the same location as a geologic contact

   LTYPE

   Line type (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   dike	location of dike
   other	Other linear feature
   fault	Location of fault

   MODIFIER

   Type of contact, fault, fold or other (same attributes as EMTARCS.AAT with the additional attributes below) (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   Value	Definition
   Pu	Geologic unit Pu
   pCb	Geologic map unit pCb
   pCd	Geologic map unit pCd
   thrust	Thrust fault

   ACCURACY

   Positional accuracy (same attributes as arc coverage EMTARCS.AAT) (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   LINE_DESCRIP

   LTYPE, MODIFIER, and ACCURACY combined as one attribute (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   WMTGEOL.PAT

   Geology of western Montana (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   FORMATION

   Geolgic formation (no descriptions of map units found) (Source: OFR_95-0691)

   WMTGEOL.AAT

   Linear geologic features of western Montana (same attributes as arc coverage EMTGEOL.AAT) (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   WMTGEOL.PAT

   Geology of western Montana at specific locations (same attributes as polygon coverage WMTGEOL.PAT) (Source: OFR-95-0691)

   wmtgeol.tbl or emtgeol.tbl

   This is a lookup table providing specific information about each geologic unit. The FORMATION field can be used to join this table with the polygon attribute tables of the wmtgeol and emtgeol coverages.

   FORMATION

   The map unit symbol used on the published map. This is the item that is related to the map coverage. This is not necessary a formation in the normal usage. It is a map unit. (String of width 11)

   UNIT_NAME

   The map unit name from the map explanation. (String of width 75) Formal and informal names with a minimum of abbreviation

   ROCK_TYPE

   The general rock category from the map explanation. Generally this is something like sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic. (String of width 50)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)
   extrusive
   foliated intrusive
   intrusive
   metamorphic
   sediementary
   sedimentary
   sedimentary, carbonate facies
   volcanic
   volcanoclastic

   ERA

   Geologic era from the map explanation. (String of width 24)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)
   Cenozoic
   Cenozoic-Mesozoic
   Mesozic
   Mesozoic
   Paleozoic
   Precambrian
   Precambrina

   SYSTEM

   Geologic system from the map explanation (String of width 24)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)
   Cambrian
   Cretaceous
   Devonian
   Jurassic
   Jurassic-Triassic
   Mississippian
   Ordovician
   Pennsylvanian
   Permian
   Quaternary
   Quaternay-Tertiary
   Tertiary
   Tertiary-Cretaceous
   Triassic

   SERIES

   Geologic age information from the map explanation. (String of width 24)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)
   Eocene
   Lower
   Miocene
   Oligocene
   Paleocene
   Pleistocene-Pliocene
   Pliocene-Miocene
   Recent
   Upper
   Upper-Lower

   LITH1, LITH2, LITH3, LITH4, LITH5, LITH6, LITH7, LITH8

   Lithology from the map explanation. LITH1 is the first-described lithology, LITH2 the second, and so on to LITH8. (String of width 40) Plain text with a minimum of abbreviation

   LOCATION1, LOCATION2

   Notes on location of this particular map unit within the state. Some state maps have differing lithologic descriptions for a single geologic unit in different geographic portions of the state. (String of width 60) Plain text with a minimum of abbreviation

   COMMENTS

   Other information from the map explanation. (String of width 70) Plain text with a minimum of abbreviation

   MTCARB

   Summary field used for symbolizing derivative maps. (String of width 3)

   Value	Definition
   0
   H
   L
   M
   MH
   ML
   W

   MTK

   Summary field used for symbolizing derivative maps. (String of width 3)

   Value	Definition
   0
   H
   L
   M
   W

   MTBASE

   Summary field used for symbolizing derivative maps. (String of width 3)

   Value	Definition
   0
   H
   L
   M
   MH
   ML
   W

   MTFAM

   Summary field used for symbolizing derivative maps. (String of width 3)

   Value	Definition
   0
   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
   W

   MTPHOS

   Summary field used for symbolizing derivative maps. (String of width 3)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)
   H

   MTSG

   Summary field used for symbolizing derivative maps. (String of width 4)

   Value	Definition
   fg
   fp
   mt
   W

   MTBATHAB

   Summary field used for symbolizing derivative maps. (String of width 10)

   Value	Definition
   carbonate
   mt
   some carb

   LITHA

   Standardized lithologic description (some abbreviations) (String of width 20)

   Value	Definition
   alluvium
   calcareous
   carbonate
   conglomerate
   continental sed.	continental (terrigenous) sediments
   ext. intermediate	extrusive intermediate
   int. alkalic	intrusive alkalic
   int. felsic	intrusive felsic
   int. intermediate	intrusive intermediate
   int. mafic	intrusive mafic
   int. ultramafic	intrusive ultramafic
   lake sediment
   meta. intermediate	metamorphic intermediate
   meta. quartzite	quartzite of metamorphic origin
   moraine
   sandstone
   shale
   siltstone
   W	water

   LITH_FORM

   General geologic structure. (String of width 20)

   Value	Definition
   batholith
   dike
   flow
   gneiss
   layered sed.	layered sediments
   metased.
   pluton
   sill
   unconsolidated
   volcanoclastic
   W	water

   LITH_MAJOR

   Major lithology, expressed using combinations of standardized lithologic terms. (String of width 120) plain text in three forty-column sections

   LITH_MINOR

   Minor lithology, expressed using combinations of standardized lithologic terms. (String of width 200) plain text in three forty-column sections

   LITHOLOGY

   Lithology, expressed using combinations of standardized lithologic terms. (String of width 254) plain text

   AGE

   Text combined from Era, System, and Series fields. (String of width 72) composite plain text using standard names for geologic time periods

   MTLITH

   Abbreviated lithology used for symbolization. (String of width 40) composite text of lithology fields, some abbreviations

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • G.L. Raines
   • B.R. Johnson
2. Who also contributed to the data set?

   Digital products such as this map would not exist without the geologic mapping of generations of geologists whose work contributed to the small-scale state geologic maps that have been published by most states. We gratefully acknowledge the work of the geologists and agencies that supported compilation of this map. Those agencies include the US Geological Survey and the Washington State Department of Natural Resources. We particularly wish to acknowledge Patrick Geehan, the Bureau of Land Management Project coordinator for the Interior Columbia River Basin Ecosystem Management Project, for recognizing the importance of geology to ecosystem management and for supplying funds to digitize the Washington map.

3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   Raines, Gary Lee

   USGS-GEO-WRG-MRS

   MacKay School Of Mines

   Reno, NV
   

   US

   775-784-5596 (voice)

   graines@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

To provide to the public a digital geologic map database of the Montana state geologic map.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

   Ross and others (1955) (source 1 of 1)

   Ross, C.P, Andres, D.A., and Witkind, I.J., 1955, Geologic map of Montana.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper
   Source_Scale_Denominator: 500000
   Source_Contribution: Preliminary geologic map of Montana
   

2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: unknown (process 1 of 2)

   The map was processed digitally, as follows: the source material was scanned, the scanned image was vectorized and topologically structured, the lines and polygons were edited and proofed, attributes were added and proofed, the map was transformed from scanner units to geographic coordinate, and finally, map distortions were removed by rubber-sheeting. The initial objective was to obtain a digital representation that, when plotted, would overlay the source material within a line width; the digital version of the map meets this test.

   Date: 04-Feb-2003 (process 2 of 2)

   Creation of original metadata record Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Peter N Schweitzer

   U.S. Geological Survey, ER

   Geologist

   Mail Stop 954

   12201 Sunrise Valley Drive

   Reston, VA
   

   USA

   703-648-6533 (voice)

   703-648-6252 (FAX)

   pschweitzer@usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   Eastern Montana: 133.434 meters Western Montana: 965.561 meters
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Complete
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   The USGS provided basin-wide, integrated, digital inmornation about bedrock lithology, compositional classifications of lithology, potential animal habitat, stream sediment geochemistry, volcanic and earthquake hazards, and mineral resources.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints: none

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   Cindy Dean

   Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project

   112 E. Poplar Street

   Walla Walla, WA
   

   USA

   (509) 522-4030 (voice)
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? US Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-0691
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with US Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for desciptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	in format ArcInfo Coverage Size: 5.5
     Network links:	http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0691/covers.tar.Z

     Data format:	Geologic units (*mtgeol.e00) and structural features (*mtarcs.e00) in format ARCE (version 7.1.x) Size: 18
     Network links:	http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0691/emtarcs.e00 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0691/emtgeol.e00 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0691/wmtarcs.e00 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0691/wmtgeol.e00

   • Cost to order the data: none

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 10-Jun-2016

Metadata author:

Peter N Schweitzer

USGS Midwest Area

Collection manager, USGS Geoscience Data Clearinghouse, http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/

Mail Stop 954

12201 Sunrise Valley Dr

Reston, VA

USA

703-648-6533 (voice)

703-648-6252 (FAX)

pschweitzer@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)