Sediment Magnetic and Paleomagnetic Data from Buck Lake, Oregon

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What does this data set describe?

Title: Sediment Magnetic and Paleomagnetic Data from Buck Lake, Oregon
Abstract:
Sediment magnetic and paleomagnetic studies were conducted on a core from Buck Lake, Klamath County, Oregon, that was collected as part of an investigation into the Quaternary climate history of the western United States. This report documents the methods used to obtain paleomagnetic directions, magnetic properties, and ancillary data, and presents these data in tabular form.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Rosenbaum, Joseph G., Reynolds, Richard L., Fitzmaurice, Priscilla L., Drexler, John, Whitney, Gene C., and Adam, David. P., 1995, Sediment Magnetic and Paleomagnetic Data from Buck Lake, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-673, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Colorado.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.175
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.175
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.262
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.262
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 1995
    Currentness_Reference:
    publication date
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: model
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.05. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.05. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Resolution: 5
      Altitude_Distance_Units: feet
      Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
      Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
      Depth_Resolution: .01
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

    Sample Number: A unique number assigned to a sample regardless ot sample type
    Slug number: Core segment identification
    Depth to top of slug (meters)
    Depth interval relative to top of slug (cm)
    Depth in hole (meters)
    Grain Size Percent > 3.2 um
    Declination (deg.) Linear fit
    Inclination (deg.) Linear fit
    NRM A/m
    Magnetization removed in demagnetization interval A/m
    Demagnetization interval used for linear fit (mT)
    No. Pts. used in linear fit
    Error Angle
    Subjective quality of demagnetization path (A=best C=worst)
    MS vol-SI: (low freq.) Magnetic susceptibility measured at about 600 Hz
    FD of MS %: frequency of dependence of magnetic susceptibility
    NRM A/m: magnitude of natural remanent magnetization
    ARM A/m: magnitude of anhysteretic remanent magnetization
    IRM 1.2T A/m: Isothermal remanent magnetization acquired in an induction of 1.2T
    IRM -0.3T A/m: Isothermal remanent magnetization after exposure to an induction of 1.2T followed by exposure to an oppositely directed induction of 0.3 T
    HIRM A/m: "Hard" isothermal remanent magnetization = (IRM 1.2T - IRM-0.3T) / 2
    S: The "S" parameter = -IRM1.2T / IRM -0.3T
    Paramagnetic MS: Paramagnetic magnetic susceptibility determined from the slope of the hysteresis curve above an induction of 0.9T
    Msat A/m: Saturation magnetization determined after removal of paramagnetic component.
    Mrs A/m: Saturation Remanent magnetization
    Hc mT: Coercivity determined after removal of para magnetic component.
    Hcr mT: Coercivity of remanence
    Mrs/Msat
    Hcr/Hc
    Parts-per-Million Abundances for the following elements
    Ba
    Cr
    Cu
    Fe
    La
    Mn
    Ni
    Rb
    V
    Zn
    Zr
    Ti WT%: Weight-percent of Titanium
    Total Carbon (percent)
    Carbonate Carbon (percent)
    Organic Carbon (percent)
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-673

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Joseph G. Rosenbaum
    • Richard L. Reynolds
    • Priscilla L. Fitzmaurice
    • John Drexler
    • Gene C. Whitney
    • David. P. Adam
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Joseph G. Rosenbaum
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980
    Denver, Colorado
    United States of America

    303-236-1304 (voice)
    jrosenbaum@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This report documents the methods used to obtain paleomagnetic directions, magnetic properties, and ancillary data, and presents these data in tabular form.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Adam, (1993) (source 1 of 3)
    Adam, D.P, 1993, Field core processing techniques used by U.S.G.S. 1991 drilling operations in the Upper Klamath basin, Oregon and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report No. 93-20: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-20, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: Lithology
    Adam and others (1994) (source 2 of 3)
    Adam, D.P., Rieck, H.J., McGann, M.L., Schiller, K., and Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., 1994, Lithologic description of sediment cores from Buck Lake, Klamath County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report No. 94-12, 48 p.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-12, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: site description, drilling methods, lithology of sediments
    Rosenbaum and others (1994) (source 3 of 3)
    Rosenbaum, J.G, Reynolds, R.L., Fitzmaurice, P., Adam, D.P., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., and Kerwin, M.W., 1994, Covariance of magnetic and pollen records from Quaternary sediment, Buck Lake and Caledonia Marsh, southern Oregon: Proceedings of the VIIth International Symposium on the Observation of the Continental Crust Through Drilling..

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution:
    Covariation of magnetic properties of sediments and climate change as interpreted from the pollen record.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: Unknown (process 1 of 9)
    Sampling
    Paleomagnetic specimens, 3.2 cm3 in volume, were taken in plastic boxes. Pedestals were cut in the core, boxes were placed over the pedestals, and the sediment in the boxes was then cut from the core and the boxes were sealed. Orientation was maintained with respect to the core axis but the specimens were not azimuthally oriented. Each paleomagnetic specimen was given a unique box number and the depth interval (with respect to the top of the core segment) covered by each box was recorded. Subsequently each specimen was assigned a second unique number, the sample number. These boxed samples were used for measurements of magnetic susceptibility, paleomagnetic directions and magnitudes, laboratory induced magnetizations, and hysteresis properties.
    Person who carried out this activity:
    Joseph G. Rosenbaum
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980
    Denver, Colorado
    United States of America

    303-236-1304 (voice)
    jrosenbaum@usgs.gov
    Date: 01-Jul-1993 (process 2 of 9)
    Paleomagnetic Directions
    Directions and magnitudes of natural remanent magnetization and of magnetization after alternating-field demagnetization were determined with a cryogenic magnetometer (sensitivity better than 10-5 A/m), a low-speed ( 5 Hz) spinner magnetometer (sensitivity 10-3 A/m), or a high-speed (90 Hz) spinner magnetometer (sensitivity better than 10-5 A/m). Each specimen was subjected to progressive alternating-field demagnetization to at least 60 mT. Progressive demagnetization occurred in at least five steps (peak inductions of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 mT) and many specimens were demagnetized at additional levels. Characteristic directions of magnetization were calculated by fitting lines to demagnetization data ( Kirschvink, 1980) which visually appeared to define coherent components when displayed on orthogonal vector diagrams. Person who carried out this activity:
    Joseph G. Rosenbaum
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980
    Denver, Colorado
    United States of America

    303-236-1304 (voice)
    jrosenbaum@usgs.gov
    Date: Unknown (process 3 of 9)
    Magnetic Susceptibility
    A susceptometer (sensitivity better than 10-5 volume SI), operating at about 600 Hz or 6000 Hz, was used to measure low frequency (MSLF) and high-frequency (MSHF) magnetic susceptibilities. The Person who carried out this activity:
    Joseph G. Rosenbaum
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980
    Denver, Colorado
    United States of America

    303-236-1304 (voice)
    jrosenbaum@usgs.gov
    Date: Unknown (process 4 of 9)
    Laboratory Induced Magnetizations
    A low speed-spinner magnetometer or a high-speed spinner magnetometer was used to measure anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM). Following AF demagnetization, ARM was imparted to each specimen in a alternating induction of 100 mT and DC bias of 0.1 mT. Subsequently, an impulse magnetizer was used to impart IRMs. First specimens were given an IRM in an induction of 1.2 T (IRM1.2), and then they were given an oppositely directed IRM in an induction of 0.3 T (IRM-0.3). The "hard" Person who carried out this activity:
    Joseph G. Rosenbaum
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980
    Denver, Colorado
    United States of America

    303-236-1304 (voice)
    jrosenbaum@usgs.gov
    Date: 01-Jul-1993 (process 5 of 9)
    Hysteresis Properties
    Hysteresis loops were generated for a subset of the paleomagnetic specimens using a vibrating sample magnetometer at the Institute for Rock Magnetism at the University of Minnesota. The maximum induction used was about 1.4 T. For each loop, high field (or paramagnetic) magnetic susceptibility was determined by fitting lines to a portion of the data for inductions above about 0.9 T. The induced magnetization due to this paramagnetic susceptibility was subtracted from the observed magnetizations prior to calculation of hysteresis properties. Person who carried out this activity:
    Joseph G. Rosenbaum
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980
    Denver, Colorado
    United States of America

    303-236-1304 (voice)
    jrosenbaum@usgs.gov
    Date: 01-Jul-1993 (process 6 of 9)
    Curie Temperatures
    Curie temperatures were determined for magnetic minerals separated from bulk sediment that had been placed in bags during sampling. The separations were done by dispersing the sediment in water (with a small amount of surfactant) and pumping the resulting slurry past a magnet using a technique similar to that described by Petersen and others (1986). Magnetization, in an induction of 0.3 T or greater, was measured as a function of temperature using a sensitive balance similar to that described by Larson and others (1975). Person who carried out this activity:
    Joseph G. Rosenbaum
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980
    Denver, Colorado
    United States of America

    303-236-1304 (voice)
    jrosenbaum@usgs.gov
    Date: 01-Jul-1993 (process 7 of 9)
    Grain Size Analyses
    Bulk sediment grain sizes (between 0.2 and 50 microns) were obtained for sediment in 21 vials using an automated particle-size analyzer. These results are summarized here as the percentage of sediment greater than 3.2 microns in size. Person who carried out this activity:
    Joseph G. Rosenbaum
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980
    Denver, Colorado
    United States of America

    303-236-1304 (voice)
    jrosenbaum@usgs.gov
    Date: 01-Jul-1993 (process 8 of 9)
    Elemental Abundances
    Sediment from vials was prepared for energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis by thorough drying and subsequent pulverization in a shatter box. Analyses were made at the Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado. Analyses were made for Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, La, Mn, Ni, Rb, Ti, V, Zn and Zr. In addition, concentrations of total carbon and carbonate carbon were determined by coulometry (Engleman and others, 1985). Organic carbon content was determined by taking the difference between total carbon and carbonate carbon. Person who carried out this activity:
    Joseph G. Rosenbaum
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980
    Denver, Colorado
    United States of America

    303-236-1304 (voice)
    jrosenbaum@usgs.gov
    Date: 06-May-2013 (process 9 of 9)
    Creation of original metadata record Person who carried out this activity:
    Kevin M. Foley
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Physical Scientist
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Reston, Virginia
    USA

    (703) 648-5285 (voice)
    (703) 648-6560 (FAX)
    kfoley@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Sampling:
    Paleomagnetic samples were collected in the form of oriented cubes. Orientation was maintained with respect to the core axis. Azimuthal orientation was not maintained.
    Material collected from around each paleomagnetic specimen was vialed. The depth interval of material contained in each vial corresponds closely (but not exactly) to the interval sampled by a paleomagnetic specimen.
    Paleomagnetic directions:
    Progressive demagnetization occured in at least five steps and many specimens were demagnetized at additional levels.
    Characteristic directions of magnetization were calculated by fitting lines to demagnetization data which visually appear to define coherent components when displayed on orthogonal vector diagrams.
    Hysteresis properties:
    For each hysteresis loop generated, high field (or paramagnetic) magnetic susceptibility was determined by fitting lines to a portion of the data for inductions above about 0.9T.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The horizontal coordinates of the Buck Lake core site were determined from the position of the site on the Lake of the Woods, Oregon 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle map. The accuracy of the measurements are estimated to be + or - 0.005 degrees latitude and + or - 0.005 degrees longitude.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    The altitude of the core sight was determined from the Lake of the Woods, Oregon 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle map. The contour interval of the map is 5 feet. The accuracy of the measurement is estimated at + or - 5 feet.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    132 samples, labeled "Vial" samples were collected for analysis of grain size and elemental concentrations.
    "Grain size percent > 3.2 microns" data were recorded for 21 samples.
    Elemental abundance data were recorded for 110 samples
    Carbon Abundance data were determined for 51 samples.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Six tables record information from the various studies performed on core material. All studies were not completed on all samples. Two different sample entities were collected from core material, "Vials" and "Sample boxes". "Vials" and "Sample boxes" were labeled as follows:
    Paleomagnetic specimens, 3.2 cm3 in volume, were taken in plastic boxes. Each paleomagnetic specimen was given a unique box number and the depth interval (with respect to the top of the core segment) covered by each box was recorded. Subsequently each specimen was assigned a second unique number, the sample number. Core material removed from around each paleomagnetic specimen was placed in one or more numbered vials. The depth interval contained in each vial corresponds closely (but not exactly) to the interval sampled by a paleomagnetic specimen. These vials were later assigned sample numbers. Material in these vials was used to determine grain size, and elemental concentrations.
    "Depth in hole (meters)" is consistantly used throughout the data tables. Other entities are used as follows. 
    +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
|                   |  Table    Table    Table    Table    Table    Table |
|                   |    1        2        3        4        5        6   |
+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Sample number     |    X                                                |
|                   |                                                     |
| Sample box number |X some       X        X        X        X        X   |
|                   |                                                     |
| Vial number       |X some                                  X        X   |
+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints: none
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Kevin M. Foley
    Mail Stop 918 National Center
    U.S. Geological Survey
    12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
    Reston, VA
    USA

    (703) 648-5285 (voice)
    (703) 648-6560 (FAX)
    kfoley@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Jun-2016
Metadata author:
Peter N Schweitzer
USGS Midwest Area
Collection manager, USGS Geoscience Data Clearinghouse, http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/
Mail Stop 954
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr
Reston, VA
USA

703-648-6533 (voice)
703-648-6252 (FAX)
pschweitzer@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/open-file/95-673/metadata.faq.html>
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