Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge core 5 Arctic Ocean

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge core 5 Arctic Ocean
Abstract:
The U.S. Geological Survey recovered 9 piston cores from the Northwind Ridge in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean from a cruise of the USCGC Polar Star during 1988. Preliminary analysis of the cores suggests sediments deposited on Northwind Ridge preserve a detailed record of glacial and interglacial cycles for the last few hundred-thousand to one million years. This report includes quantitative data on foraminifers and selected sediment size-fraction data in samples from Northwind Ridge core PI-88AR P5.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Foley, Kevin M., and Poore, Richard Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge core 5 Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-346, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.884
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.884
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 74.622
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 74.622
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 1991
    Currentness_Reference:
    publication date
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Entity point (1)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: top of recovered core
      Depth_Resolution: 0.005
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    data record
    All measurements reported from a core sample.
    depth1
    Depth in cm of the top of the sampled interval. For samples 89 through 131 this value indicates instead the midpoint of the sampled interval. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0
    Maximum:623.9
    Units:cm
    Resolution:0.1
    depth2
    Depth in cm of the bottom of the sampled interval. For samples 89 through 131 this value is meaningless. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.0
    Maximum:625.9
    Units:cm
    Resolution:0.1
    wt<62um
    Weight in grams of that part of the sample passing through the 62um sieve. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:4.82
    Maximum:23.71
    Units:grams
    Resolution:0.01
    wt%<62um
    Percentage of the total sample weight represented by the material passing through the 62um sieve. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:34.9
    Maximum:100
    Units:percent by weight
    Resolution:0.1
    wt62um-2mm
    Weight in grams of that part of the sample passing through the 2mm sieve but retained on the 62um sieve. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:9
    Units:gram
    Resolution:0.01
    wt%62um-2mm
    Percentage of the total sample weight represented by the material passing through the 2mm sieve but retained on the 62um sieve. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:65.1
    Units:percent by weight
    Resolution:0.1
    wt>2mm
    Weight in grams of that part of the sample retained on the 2mm sieve. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:9.25
    Units:gram
    Resolution:0.01
    wt%>2mm
    Percentage of the total sample weight represented by the material retained on the 2mm sieve. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:46.6
    Units:percent by weight
    Resolution:0.1
    total wt
    Total weight of the sample. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:5.04
    Maximum:30.78
    Units:gram
    Resolution:0.01
    1/split
    Proportion of the sample from which specimens were counted; a value of 1 indicates all of the sample was used to derive the counts, a value of 2 indicates half of the sample was used, and so on. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1
    Maximum:128
    Units:parts
    Resolution:1
    spach
    Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) left coiling. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:1007
    Units:individuals
    Resolution:1
    dpach
    Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) right-coiling. This category is restricted to specimens with 4 chambers in the ultimate whorl. Right-coiling specimens that have more than 4 chambers in the ultimate whorl are tabulated as "dupac". (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:20
    Units:individuals
    Resolution:1
    dupac
    This category is used for specimens of right-coiling Neogloboquadrina with more than 4 chambers in the ultimate whorl. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:23
    Units:individuals
    Resolution:1
    other
    Deformed planktic specimens and specimens resembling Turborotalita quinqueloba. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:22
    Units:individuals
    Resolution:1
    total plank
    Total number of planktic foraminifers in the counting split. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:1052
    Units:individuals
    Resolution:1
    total benth
    Total number of benthic foraminifers in the counting split. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:191
    Units:individuals
    Resolution:1
    plank/gram>150um
    The total number of planktic foraminifers >150um in the sample divided by the weight of the sample in grams. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:7320
    Units:individuals per gram
    Resolution:1
    benth/gram>150um
    The total number of benthic foraminifers >150um in the sample divided by the weight of the sample in grams. (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:336
    Units:individuals per gram
    Resolution:1
    %dextral
    The percentage of specimens of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma in the sample that are dextral (i.e. right-coiling). (Source: Foley, K.M., and Poore, R.Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88- AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, 11p.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:10
    Units:percent of total number of N. pachyderma specimens.
    Resolution:0.01

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Kevin M. Foley
    • Richard Z. Poore
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    We thank Larry Phillips for providing the washed residues and sedimentological data from the core 5 samples.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Kevin M. Foley
    Mail Stop 970
    U.S. Geological Survey
    12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
    Reston, VA
    USA

    (703) 648-5285 (voice)
    (703) 648-5420 (FAX)
    kfoley@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These foraminifer data will be the basis for future interpretive studies of the climate history of the Arctic Ocean.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 1988 (process 1 of 1)
    Samples numbered 1 through 88 are 10cc samples obtained for lithostatigraphy and biostratigraphy. Samples numbered 89 through 131 are cuttings obtained when paleomagnetics samples were taken and are approximately 10cc. The samples were washed in distilled water, wet sieved to three size fractions; <62um, 62um - 2mm, and >2mm. The size fractions were dried and weighed. The 62um - 2mm and the >2mm fractions were combined after weighing. The >62um fraction was sieved at 150um and counting splits of 300 - 350 planktic foraminifers were obtained from the >150um fraction using a Carpco sample splitter. Planktic foraminifers were identified, sorted and glued to standard 60 square micropaleontological slides. Benthic foraminifers were also counted. All planktic foraminifers were removed from samples containing insufficient specimens for a counting split.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Foley, Kevin M., and Poore, Richard Z., 1993, Planktic foraminifer census data from Northwind Ridge cores PI-88-AR P3, PI-88-AR P7, and PI-88-AR P9, Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-218, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Phillips, R. Larry, Grantz, Arthur, Mullen, Michael W., Rieck, Hugh J., McLaughlin, M. W., and Selkirk, T. L., 1992, Summary of the lithostratigraphy and stratigraphic correlations in piston cores from Northwind Ridge, Arctic Ocean, from USCGC Polar Star, 1988.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-426, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Included in the attribute data for each sample is the fraction of the original sample from which the specimens were extracted.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Although horizontal position of thes cores is given to the nearest 0.01 minute of latitude and longitude, no information is presented in OFR 91-346 or in OFR 92-426 indicating the magnitude of likely errors in the core locations.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Core intervals sampled are indicated in the attribute data to the nearest 0.1 cm, but there is no information in OFR 91-346 or OFR 92-426 concerning the fidelity of depth in core to depth below the sea floor. The samples were taken from piston cores; there is no indication that information from trigger cores or box cores was included.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Planktic foraminifers were identified, sorted and glued to standard 60 square micropaleontological slides. Benthic foraminifers were also counted. All planktic foraminifers were removed from samples containing insufficient specimens for a counting split.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Samples numbered 1 through 88 are 10cc samples obtained for lithostatigraphy and biostratigraphy. Samples numbered 89 through 131 are cuttings obtained when paleomagnetics samples were taken and are approximately 10cc.
    The samples were washed in distilled water, wet sieved to three size fractions; <62um, 62um - 2mm, and >2mm. The size fractions were dried and weighed. The 62um - 2mm and the >2mm fractions were combined after weighing. The >62um fraction was sieved at 150um and counting splits of 300 - 350 planktic foraminifers were obtained from the >150um fraction using a Carpco sample splitter.
    In general, our taxonomic concepts follow Parker (1962, 1967).

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints: none
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Peter N. Schweitzer
    Mail Stop 918 National Center
    U.S. Geological Survey
    12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
    Reston, VA
    USA

    (703) 648-6533 (voice)
    (703) 648-6560 (FAX)
    pschweitzer@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? USGS Open-File Report 91-346
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 04-Feb-2015
Metadata author:
Peter N. Schweitzer
Collection manager, USGS Geoscience Data Clearinghouse, http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/
Mail Stop 918 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA
USA

(703) 648-6533 (voice)
(703) 648-6560 (FAX)
pschweitzer@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/open-file/91-346/metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.48 on Tue Jul 03 20:06:26 2018