Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Susan H. Cannon Originator: Kathleen M. Haller Originator: Ingrid Ekstrom Originator: Eugene S. Schweig III Originator: Graziella Devoli Originator: David W. Moore Originator: Sharon A. Rafferty Originator: Arthur C. Tarr Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Landslide initiation locations in Nicaragua Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 01-412-A Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0412-a/ Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Susan H. Cannon Originator: Kathleen M. Haller Originator: Ingrid Ekstrom Originator: Eugene S. Schweig III Originator: Graziella Devoli Originator: David W. Moore Originator: Sharon A. Rafferty Originator: Arthur C. Tarr Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Landslide response to Hurricane Mitch rainfall in seven study areas in Nicaragua Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 01-412-A Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0412-a/ Description: Abstract: We present an inventory of the initiation locations of landslides triggered by the passage of Hurricane Mitch, October 21-31, 1998 in seven study areas in Nicaragua. The inventory was compiled from aerial photographs and field mapping. Most (perhaps 95%) of the landslides at the mapped initiation locations produced debris flows. The remaining 5% of mapped initiation locations were slow-moving earth flows that started moving during Hurricane Mitch and continued to move for at least one year. Purpose: The passage of Hurricane Mitch through Central America in October and November 1998 caused widespread and devastating flooding and landsliding. In this data set we document the locations where landslides initiated in response to the rainfall that accompanied Hurricane Mitch in seven study areas in Nicaragua. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 199810 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -86.891144 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -85.780037 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 13.781081 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 12.832439 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: geology Theme_Keyword: landslides Theme_Keyword: hurricanes Theme_Keyword: precipitation (atmospheric) Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: Landslides Theme_Keyword: Hurricane Mitch Theme_Keyword: rainfall Theme_Keyword: debris flow Theme_Keyword: earth flow Theme_Keyword: debris-flow susceptibility Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: Nicaragua Place_Keyword: Departamento de Jinotega Place_Keyword: Departamento de Leon Place_Keyword: Departamento de Esteli Place_Keyword: Departamento de Matagalpa Place_Keyword: Departamento de Nueva Segovia Place_Keyword: Departamento de Chinandega Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Augmented FIPS 10-4 and FIPS 6-4 Place_Keyword: NU = Nicaragua Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Should only be used in maps whose scale is smaller than 1:50,000. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Susan H Cannon Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, CR Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Mail Stop 966 P.O. Box 25046 City: Lakewood State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-273-8604 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-273-8600 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: cannon@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/open-file/01-412/01-412.png Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map showing locations of study area in Nicaragua, 717x652 pixels, 14.5k bytes. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.0 (Build 2195) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.1.1.649 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Susan H. Cannon Originator: Kathleen M. Haller Originator: Ingrid Ekstrom Originator: Eugene S. Schweig III Originator: Graziella Devoli Originator: David W. Moore Originator: Sharon A. Rafferty Originator: Arthur C. Tarr Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Respuesta a los Desprendimientos de Tierra Ocasionados por las Lluvias Torrenciales del Huracán Mitch en Siete Áreas de Estudio de Nicaragua Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 01-412-B Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Spanish version of 01-412-A Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0412-b/ Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Attribute accuracy was assured by visually comparing the compilation copy with the plotted map on which the landslide initiation locations were mapped. Logical_Consistency_Report: Registration accuracy was checked by inspecting plots of the data and graticule overlaid on a Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) of the base map. This assured that the initiation points fell within the landslide polygons. Completeness_Report: Completeness was assured by visually inspecting the compilation map overlaid on the plotted map looking for missing initiation points. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The small scale of the aerial photographs, and the mapping method of manually transferring observed features to the base maps, dictates that the locations of the landslide initiation locations are accurate to within about 200m. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Defense Threat Reduction Agency Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: aerial photographs Source_Scale_Denominator: 60000 Type_of_Source_Media: aerial photographs Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 1:60,000 aerial photos Source_Information: Source_Scale_Denominator: 30000 Type_of_Source_Media: aerial photographs Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 1:30,000 aerial photos Process_Step: Process_Description: Aerial photographs taken between December 4 and December 19, 1998 under the Open Skies program of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency were used to map the intiation locations of the landslides shown on the maps. The aerial photographs are at 1:60,000-scale, and 1:30,000-scale for portions of the Matagalpa and Jinotega/San Rafael del Norte study areas. Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) scanned images of 1:50,000-scale quadrangles projected to Transverse Mercator were used as base maps for the mapping. We mapped landslides by first identifying them on the aerial photographs using a mirror stereoscope and then manually plotting each landslide and its affected area by inspection onto the base maps. In some cases, the base maps were enlarged to 1:25,000-scale to facilitate mapping. Process_Step: Process_Description: Field reconnaissance from April 25 through May 6, 2000 resulted in limited verification of the landslide and related effects mapping. Because of the large areal extent of the study areas and difficulties of access, we visited only a few, small areas. We observed as few as 5% of the landslides in some study areas and as many as 40% of the landslides in others. During this reconnaissance, we mapped the locations and extents of some landslides outside the coverage of the aerial photography. This mapping represents only features that we observed, and is not representative of all the landslide activity in the area. Process_Step: Process_Description: Following field verification, a point representing the initiation location of each landslide was digitized. This point was located as the highest elevation point within the landslide polygon. Process_Step: Process_Description: Creation of original metadata record Process_Date: 20011205 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Richard L Dart Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, CR Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Mail Stop 966 P.O. Box 25046 City: Lakewood State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-273-8637 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-273-8600 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dart@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 8645 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 4 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 4100 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 16 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: USGS Information Services Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25286 Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-202-4693 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ask@usgs.gov Resource_Description: USGS Open-File Report 01-412 Distribution_Liability: This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S.Geological Survey editorial standards nor with the North American Stratigraphic Code.Any use of trade names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ARCE Format_Version_Number: 8.1 Format_Information_Content: Landslide areas or initiation locations Transfer_Size: 1.2 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0412-a/digital_files/IPOINT_DD.E00 Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: 1.0 Format_Information_Content: Landslides Transfer_Size: 0.5 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0412-a/digital_files/IPOINT_DD.SHP Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0412-a/digital_files/IPOINT_DD.SHX Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0412-a/digital_files/IPOINT_DD.DBF Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20160613 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peter N Schweitzer Contact_Organization: USGS Midwest Area Contact_Position: Collection manager, USGS Geoscience Data Clearinghouse, http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/ Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Mail Stop 954 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192-0002 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-6533 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-648-6252 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pschweitzer@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998