Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joseph G. Rosenbaum Originator: Richard L. Reynolds Originator: Priscilla L. Fitzmaurice Originator: John Drexler Originator: Gene C. Whitney Originator: David. P. Adam Title: Sediment Magnetic and Paleomagnetic Data from Buck Lake, Oregon Publication_Date: 1995 Edition: First Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: model Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 95-673 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver Colorado Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/of95-673/ Description: Abstract: Sediment magnetic and paleomagnetic studies were conducted on a core from Buck Lake, Klamath County, Oregon, that was collected as part of an investigation into the Quaternary climate history of the western United States. This report documents the methods used to obtain paleomagnetic directions, magnetic properties, and ancillary data, and presents these data in tabular form. Purpose: This report documents the methods used to obtain paleomagnetic directions, magnetic properties, and ancillary data, and presents these data in tabular form. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1995 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.175 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.175 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.262 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.262 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: paleomagnetic analysis Theme_Keyword: magnetic susceptibility Theme_Keyword: remanent magnetism Theme_Keyword: unconsolidated deposits Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: Paleomagnetics Theme_Keyword: Lacustrine Theme_Keyword: Lake Theme_Keyword: Sediments Theme_Keyword: Core Theme_Keyword: Magnetic properties Theme_Keyword: Grain size Theme_Keyword: Demagnetization Theme_Keyword: Declination Theme_Keyword: Inclination Theme_Keyword: Magnetic susceptibility Theme_Keyword: Natural remanent magnetization Theme_Keyword: Anhysteric remanent magnetization Theme_Keyword: Organic carbon Theme_Keyword: Coercivity of remanence Theme_Keyword: X-ray fluorescence Theme_Keyword: Elemental abundance Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Geologic Map Database Catalog themes, augmented Theme_Keyword: 1200 - Geophysics Theme_Keyword: 1201 - Magnetics Theme_Keyword: 1600 - Geochronology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Augmented FIPS 10-4 and FIPS 6-4 Place_Keyword: f41035 = Klamath Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: Western U.S. Place_Keyword: Oregon Place_Keyword: Klamath County Place_Keyword: Buck Lake Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Temporal_Keyword: Quaternary Temporal_Keyword: Recent Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: none Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph G. Rosenbaum Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980 Address: DFC Bldg. 025, Room 1983B City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: United States of America Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1304 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrosenbaum@usgs.gov Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Sampling: Paleomagnetic samples were collected in the form of oriented cubes. Orientation was maintained with respect to the core axis. Azimuthal orientation was not maintained. Material collected from around each paleomagnetic specimen was vialed. The depth interval of material contained in each vial corresponds closely (but not exactly) to the interval sampled by a paleomagnetic specimen. Paleomagnetic directions: Progressive demagnetization occured in at least five steps and many specimens were demagnetized at additional levels. Characteristic directions of magnetization were calculated by fitting lines to demagnetization data which visually appear to define coherent components when displayed on orthogonal vector diagrams. Hysteresis properties: For each hysteresis loop generated, high field (or paramagnetic) magnetic susceptibility was determined by fitting lines to a portion of the data for inductions above about 0.9T. Logical_Consistency_Report: Six tables record information from the various studies performed on core material. All studies were not completed on all samples. Two different sample entities were collected from core material, "Vials" and "Sample boxes". "Vials" and "Sample boxes" were labeled as follows: Paleomagnetic specimens, 3.2 cm3 in volume, were taken in plastic boxes. Each paleomagnetic specimen was given a unique box number and the depth interval (with respect to the top of the core segment) covered by each box was recorded. Subsequently each specimen was assigned a second unique number, the sample number. Core material removed from around each paleomagnetic specimen was placed in one or more numbered vials. The depth interval contained in each vial corresponds closely (but not exactly) to the interval sampled by a paleomagnetic specimen. These vials were later assigned sample numbers. Material in these vials was used to determine grain size, and elemental concentrations. "Depth in hole (meters)" is consistantly used throughout the data tables. Other entities are used as follows. >+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+ >| | Table Table Table Table Table Table | >| | 1 2 3 4 5 6 | >+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+ >| Sample number | X | >| | | >| Sample box number |X some X X X X X | >| | | >| Vial number |X some X X | >+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+ Completeness_Report: 132 samples, labeled "Vial" samples were collected for analysis of grain size and elemental concentrations. "Grain size percent > 3.2 microns" data were recorded for 21 samples. Elemental abundance data were recorded for 110 samples Carbon Abundance data were determined for 51 samples. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The horizontal coordinates of the Buck Lake core site were determined from the position of the site on the Lake of the Woods, Oregon 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle map. The accuracy of the measurements are estimated to be + or - 0.005 degrees latitude and + or - 0.005 degrees longitude. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The altitude of the core sight was determined from the Lake of the Woods, Oregon 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle map. The contour interval of the map is 5 feet. The accuracy of the measurement is estimated at + or - 5 feet. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Adam, D.P Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Field core processing techniques used by U.S.G.S. 1991 drilling operations in the Upper Klamath basin, Oregon and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report No. 93-20 Edition: First Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 93-20 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19930101 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Adam, (1993) Source_Contribution: Lithology Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Adam, D.P. Originator: Rieck, H.J. Originator: McGann, M.L. Originator: Schiller, K. Originator: Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Lithologic description of sediment cores from Buck Lake, Klamath County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report No. 94-12, 48 p. Edition: First Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 94-12 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Menlo Park, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Quaternary Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Adam and others (1994) Source_Contribution: site description, drilling methods, lithology of sediments Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Rosenbaum, J.G Originator: Reynolds, R.L. Originator: Fitzmaurice, P. Originator: Adam, D.P. Originator: Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. Originator: Kerwin, M.W. Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Covariance of magnetic and pollen records from Quaternary sediment, Buck Lake and Caledonia Marsh, southern Oregon: Proceedings of the VIIth International Symposium on the Observation of the Continental Crust Through Drilling. Edition: First Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Quaternary Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Rosenbaum and others (1994) Source_Contribution: Covariation of magnetic properties of sediments and climate change as interpreted from the pollen record. Process_Step: Process_Description: Sampling Paleomagnetic specimens, 3.2 cm3 in volume, were taken in plastic boxes. Pedestals were cut in the core, boxes were placed over the pedestals, and the sediment in the boxes was then cut from the core and the boxes were sealed. Orientation was maintained with respect to the core axis but the specimens were not azimuthally oriented. Each paleomagnetic specimen was given a unique box number and the depth interval (with respect to the top of the core segment) covered by each box was recorded. Subsequently each specimen was assigned a second unique number, the sample number. These boxed samples were used for measurements of magnetic susceptibility, paleomagnetic directions and magnitudes, laboratory induced magnetizations, and hysteresis properties. Process_Date: Unknown Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph G. Rosenbaum Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980 Address: DFC Bldg. 025, Room 1983B City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: United States of America Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1304 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrosenbaum@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Paleomagnetic Directions Directions and magnitudes of natural remanent magnetization and of magnetization after alternating-field demagnetization were determined with a cryogenic magnetometer (sensitivity better than 10-5 A/m), a low-speed ( 5 Hz) spinner magnetometer (sensitivity 10-3 A/m), or a high-speed (90 Hz) spinner magnetometer (sensitivity better than 10-5 A/m). Each specimen was subjected to progressive alternating-field demagnetization to at least 60 mT. Progressive demagnetization occurred in at least five steps (peak inductions of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 mT) and many specimens were demagnetized at additional levels. Characteristic directions of magnetization were calculated by fitting lines to demagnetization data ( Kirschvink, 1980) which visually appeared to define coherent components when displayed on orthogonal vector diagrams. Process_Date: 19930701 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph G. Rosenbaum Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980 Address: DFC Bldg. 025, Room 1983B City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: United States of America Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1304 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrosenbaum@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Magnetic Susceptibility A susceptometer (sensitivity better than 10-5 volume SI), operating at about 600 Hz or 6000 Hz, was used to measure low frequency (MSLF) and high-frequency (MSHF) magnetic susceptibilities. The Process_Date: Unknown Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph G. Rosenbaum Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980 Address: DFC Bldg. 025, Room 1983B City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: United States of America Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1304 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrosenbaum@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Laboratory Induced Magnetizations A low speed-spinner magnetometer or a high-speed spinner magnetometer was used to measure anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM). Following AF demagnetization, ARM was imparted to each specimen in a alternating induction of 100 mT and DC bias of 0.1 mT. Subsequently, an impulse magnetizer was used to impart IRMs. First specimens were given an IRM in an induction of 1.2 T (IRM1.2), and then they were given an oppositely directed IRM in an induction of 0.3 T (IRM-0.3). The "hard" Process_Date: Unknown Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph G. Rosenbaum Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980 Address: DFC Bldg. 025, Room 1983B City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: United States of America Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1304 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrosenbaum@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Hysteresis Properties Hysteresis loops were generated for a subset of the paleomagnetic specimens using a vibrating sample magnetometer at the Institute for Rock Magnetism at the University of Minnesota. The maximum induction used was about 1.4 T. For each loop, high field (or paramagnetic) magnetic susceptibility was determined by fitting lines to a portion of the data for inductions above about 0.9 T. The induced magnetization due to this paramagnetic susceptibility was subtracted from the observed magnetizations prior to calculation of hysteresis properties. Process_Date: 19930701 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph G. Rosenbaum Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980 Address: DFC Bldg. 025, Room 1983B City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: United States of America Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1304 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrosenbaum@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Curie Temperatures Curie temperatures were determined for magnetic minerals separated from bulk sediment that had been placed in bags during sampling. The separations were done by dispersing the sediment in water (with a small amount of surfactant) and pumping the resulting slurry past a magnet using a technique similar to that described by Petersen and others (1986). Magnetization, in an induction of 0.3 T or greater, was measured as a function of temperature using a sensitive balance similar to that described by Larson and others (1975). Process_Date: 19930701 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph G. Rosenbaum Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980 Address: DFC Bldg. 025, Room 1983B City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: United States of America Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1304 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrosenbaum@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Grain Size Analyses Bulk sediment grain sizes (between 0.2 and 50 microns) were obtained for sediment in 21 vials using an automated particle-size analyzer. These results are summarized here as the percentage of sediment greater than 3.2 microns in size. Process_Date: 19930701 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph G. Rosenbaum Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980 Address: DFC Bldg. 025, Room 1983B City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: United States of America Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1304 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrosenbaum@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Elemental Abundances Sediment from vials was prepared for energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis by thorough drying and subsequent pulverization in a shatter box. Analyses were made at the Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado. Analyses were made for Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, La, Mn, Ni, Rb, Ti, V, Zn and Zr. In addition, concentrations of total carbon and carbonate carbon were determined by coulometry (Engleman and others, 1985). Organic carbon content was determined by taking the difference between total carbon and carbonate carbon. Process_Date: 19930701 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph G. Rosenbaum Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 980 Address: DFC Bldg. 025, Room 1983B City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: United States of America Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1304 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrosenbaum@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Creation of original metadata record Process_Date: 20130506 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kevin M. Foley Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Mail Stop 918 City: Reston State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-5285 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6560 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kfoley@usgs.gov Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.05 Longitude_Resolution: 0.05 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Resolution: 5 Altitude_Distance_Units: feet Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface Depth_Resolution: .01 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Sample Number: A unique number assigned to a sample regardless ot sample type Slug number: Core segment identification Depth to top of slug (meters) Depth interval relative to top of slug (cm) Depth in hole (meters) Grain Size Percent > 3.2 um Declination (deg.) Linear fit Inclination (deg.) Linear fit NRM A/m Magnetization removed in demagnetization interval A/m Demagnetization interval used for linear fit (mT) No. Pts. used in linear fit Error Angle Subjective quality of demagnetization path (A=best C=worst) MS vol-SI: (low freq.) Magnetic susceptibility measured at about 600 Hz FD of MS %: frequency of dependence of magnetic susceptibility NRM A/m: magnitude of natural remanent magnetization ARM A/m: magnitude of anhysteretic remanent magnetization IRM 1.2T A/m: Isothermal remanent magnetization acquired in an induction of 1.2T IRM -0.3T A/m: Isothermal remanent magnetization after exposure to an induction of 1.2T followed by exposure to an oppositely directed induction of 0.3 T HIRM A/m: "Hard" isothermal remanent magnetization = (IRM 1.2T - IRM-0.3T) / 2 S: The "S" parameter = -IRM1.2T / IRM -0.3T Paramagnetic MS: Paramagnetic magnetic susceptibility determined from the slope of the hysteresis curve above an induction of 0.9T Msat A/m: Saturation magnetization determined after removal of paramagnetic component. Mrs A/m: Saturation Remanent magnetization Hc mT: Coercivity determined after removal of para magnetic component. Hcr mT: Coercivity of remanence Mrs/Msat Hcr/Hc Parts-per-Million Abundances for the following elements Ba Cr Cu Fe La Mn Ni Rb V Zn Zr Ti WT%: Weight-percent of Titanium Total Carbon (percent) Carbonate Carbon (percent) Organic Carbon (percent) Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-673 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kevin M. Foley Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Mail Stop 918 National Center U.S. Geological Survey 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-5285 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6560 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kfoley@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Columnar text (tab-delimited) Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/of95-673/core/meta/tables_ascii/ Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20160613 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peter N Schweitzer Contact_Organization: USGS Midwest Area Contact_Position: Collection manager, USGS Geoscience Data Clearinghouse, http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/ Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Mail Stop 954 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192-0002 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-6533 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-648-6252 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pschweitzer@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998