Entry_ID: (required) Entry_Title: Surficial deposits and materials in the eastern and central United States (east of 102 degrees west longitude) Group: Data_Set_Citation Originator(s): David S. Fullerton; Charles A. Bush; Jean N. Pennell Title: Surficial deposits and materials in the eastern and central United States (east of 102 degrees west longitude) Publication: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series Publication_Date: 2003 Publication_Place: Denver, CO Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Edition: 1.0 Data_Presentation_Form: map URL: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2789/ End_Group Keyword: Alluvium Keyword: Beach deposits Keyword: Clinker Keyword: Coastal deposits Keyword: Colluvium Keyword: Decomposition residuum Keyword: Delta deposits Keyword: Disintegration residuum Keyword: Dune sand Keyword: End moraine deposits Keyword: Eolian deposits Keyword: Estuarine deposits Keyword: Genesis Keyword: Geologic history Keyword: Geologic map Keyword: Geology Keyword: Glacial deposits Keyword: Glacial limits Keyword: Glaciofluvial deposits Keyword: Glaciotectonic deposits Keyword: Ground moraine deposits Keyword: Grus Keyword: Ice-contact deposits Keyword: Kame Delta deposits Keyword: Kame fan deposits Keyword: Kame moraine deposits Keyword: Lacustrine deposits Keyword: Lagoon deposits Keyword: Landslide deposits Keyword: Loess Keyword: Marine deposits Keyword: Marl Keyword: Marsh deposits Keyword: Moraine Keyword: Outwash deposits Keyword: Quaternary geology Keyword: Peat deposits Keyword: Regional geology Keyword: Residuum Keyword: Sand deposits Keyword: Saprolite Keyword: Sedimentary rocks Keyword: Sheet sand Keyword: Sheetwash alluvium Keyword: Slackwater deposits Keyword: Solifluction deposits Keyword: Stagnation moraine deposits Keyword: Surficial deposits Keyword: Surficial geology Keyword: Swamp deposits Keyword: Till Keyword: Holocene Keyword: Illinoian Keyword: Late Wisconsin Keyword: Pleistocene Keyword: Pre-Illinoian Keyword: Quaternary Keyword: Sangamon Keyword: Tertiary Keyword: Wisconsin Group: Temporal_Coverage Start_date: 19980301 Stop_date: 20000601 End_Group Data_Set_Progress: Complete Group: Spatial_Coverage Southernmost_Latitude: 24.518 Northernmost_Latitude: 49.386 Westernmost_Longitude: -102.000 Easternmost_Longitude: -66.955 End_Group Location: Allegheny Plateau Location: Appalachian Plateau Location: Atlantic Coastal Plain Location: Central United States Location: Eastern United States Location: Great Lakes region Location: Great Plains Location: Gulf Coastal plain Location: Mississippi embayment Location: New England Location: Ouachita mountains Location: Ridge-and-Valley province Location: Alabama Location: Arkansas Location: Connecticut Location: Delaware Location: Florida Location: Georgia Location: Illinois Location: Indiana Location: Iowa Location: Kansas Location: Kentucky Location: Louisiana Location: Maine Location: Maryland Location: Massachusetts Location: Michigan Location: Minnesota Location: Mississippi Location: Missouri Location: Nebraska Location: New Hampshire Location: New Jersey Location: New York Location: North Carolina Location: North Dakota Location: Ohio Location: Oklahoma Location: Pennsylvania Location: Rhode Island Location: South Carolina Location: South Dakota Location: Tennessee Location: Texas Location: Vermont Location: Virginia Location: West Virginia Location: Wisconsin Location: Austin quadrangle Location: Blue Ridge quadrangle Location: Boston quadrangle Location: Chesapeake Bay quadrangle Location: Chicago quadrangle Location: Dakotas quadrangle Location: Dallas quadrangle Location: Des Moines quadrangle Location: Florida Keys quadrangle Location: Hatteras quadrangle Location: Hudson River quadrangle Location: Jacksonville quadrangle Location: Lake Erie quadrangle Location: Lake Nipigon quadrangle Location: Lake of the Woods quadrangle Location: Lake Superior quadrangle Location: Lookout Mountain quadrangle Location: Louisville quadrangle Location: Minneapolis quadrangle Location: Mobile quadrangle Location: Monterrey quadrangle Location: Ottawa quadrangle Location: Ozark Plateau quadrangle Location: Platte River quadrangle Location: Quebec quadrangle Location: Savannah quadrangle Location: Sudbury quadrangle Location: Vicksburg quadrangle Location: White Lake quadrangle Location: Wichita quadrangle Location: Winnipeg quadrangle Group: Data_Resolution Latitude_Resolution: 0.002 Longitude_Resolution: 0.002 End_Group Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey will be appreciated in products derived from these data. Originating_Center: (required) Group: Data_Center Data_Center_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Dataset_ID: USGS Geologic Investigations Series I-2789 Group: Data_Center_Contact Last_name: U.S. Geological Survey First_name: N/A Email: troudebush@usgs.gov Phone: (303) 236-4845 Group: Address MS 902, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center Lakewood, CO 80225 USA End_Group End_Group End_Group Storage_Medium: The files are stored in the UNIX version of Arc/Info version 7.1.1. Group: Distribution Distribution_Media: online Distribution_Format : ArcInfo export Distribution_Size: 79 megabytes Fees: none End_Group Group: Distribution Distribution_Media: online Distribution_Format : ESRI Shapefile Distribution_Size: 79 megabytes Fees: none End_Group Group: Multimedia_Sample URL: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2789/i-2789.gif Format: GIF Caption: Reduced-size image of the entire map sheet, 400x383 pixels, 87k bytes End_Group Group: Multimedia_Sample URL: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2789/i-2789.pdf Format: PDF Group: Description A screen-optimized version of the printed map (62MB), including limits of glaciation at 1:2,500,000 scale. Details of this map may be enlarged on screen. Although the digital data are provided in geographic projection and in Lambert_Azimuthal projection, this graphic is from a map in Lambert Azimuthal projection with the following parameters: Radius of the sphere of reference, 6370997; Longitude of center of projection, -100; and latitude of center of projection, 45. End_Group End_Group Group: Multimedia_Sample URL: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2789/i-2789_bg.pdf Format: PDF Group: Description A low-resolution (3.8 MB) rasterized version of the printed map, including limits of glaciation at 1:2,500,000 scale. This map is best viewed at 75% of actual size Although the digital data are provided in geographic projection and in Lambert_Azimuthal projection, this graphic is from a map in Lambert Azimuthal projection with the following parameters: Radius of the sphere of reference, 6370997; Longitude of center of projection, -100; and latitude of center of projection, 45. End_Group End_Group Group: Reference End_Group Group: Summary This geospatial database has been prepared with a degree of detail appropriate for viewing at a scale of 1:2,000,000. Because of the degree of generalization required, the map is intended for regional and national analysis, rather than for detailed analysis in specific areas. It depicts the surficial deposits and materials at or near the land surface, where most human interaction occurs. It does not depict the bedrock geology, which is shown elsewhere in the National Atlas. The surficial geologic map of the Eastern and Central United States depicts the areal distribution of surficial geologic deposits and other materials that accumulated or formed during the past 2+ million years, the period that includes all activities of the human species. These materials are at the surface of the earth. They make up the "ground" on which we walk, the "dirt" in which we dig foundations, and the “soil” in which we grow crops. Most of our human activity is related in one way or another to these surface materials that are referred to collectively by many geologists as regolith, the mantle of fragmental and generally unconsolidated material that overlies the bedrock foundation of the continent. The map is based on 31 published maps in the U.S. Geological Survey's Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States map series (U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-1420). It was compiled at 1:1,000,000 scale, to be viewed as a digital map at 1:2,000,000 nominal scale and to be printed as a conventional paper map at 1:2,500,000 scale. This map is not a map of soils as recognized and classified in agriculture. Rather, it is a generalized map of soils as recognized in engineering geology, or of substrata or parent materials in which agricultural, agronomic, or pedologic soils are formed. Where surficial deposits or materials are thick, agricultural soils are developed only in the upper part of the engineering soils. Where they are very thin, agricultural soils are developed through the entire thickness of a surficial deposit or material. The surficial geologic map provides a broad overview of the areal distribution of surficial deposits and materials. It identifies and depicts more than 150 types of deposits and materials. In general, the map units are divided into two major categories, surface deposits and residual materials. Surface deposits are materials that accumulated or were emplaced after component particles were transported by ice, water, wind, or gravity. The glacial sediments that cover the surface in much of the northern United States east of the Rocky Mountains are in this category, as are the gravel, sand, silt, and clay that were deposited in past and present streams, lakes, and oceans. In contrast, residual materials formed in place, without significant transport of component particles by ice, water, wind, or gravity. They are products of modification or alteration of pre-existing surficial deposits, surficial materials, or bedrock. For example, intense weathering of solid rock, or even stream deposits, by chemical processes may produce a residual surficial material that is greatly transformed from its original physical and chemical state. In recent years, surficial deposits and materials have become the focus of much interest by scientists, environmentalists, governmental agencies, and the general public. They are the foundations of ecosystems, the materials that support plant growth and animal habitat, and the materials through which travels much of the water required for our agriculture, our industry, and our general well being. They also are materials that easily can become contaminated by pesticides, fertilizers, and toxic wastes. In this context, the value of the surficial geologic map is evident The map and its digital database provide information about four major aspects of the surficial materials, through description of more than 150 types of materials and depiction of their areal distribution. The map unit descriptions provide information about (1) genesis (processes of origin) or environments of deposition (for example, deposits related to glaciation (glacial deposits), flowing water (alluvial deposits), lakes (lacustrine deposits), wind (eolian deposits), or gravity (mass-movement deposits)), (2) age (for example, how long ago the deposits accumulated or were emplaced or how long specific processes have been acting on the materials), (3) properties (the chemical, physical, and mechanical or engineering characteristics of the materials), and (4) thickness or depth to underlying deposits or materials or to bedrock. This approach provides information appropriate for a broad user base. The map is useful to national, state, and other governmental agencies, to engineering and construction companies, to environmental organizations and consultants, to academic scientists and institutions, and to the layman who merely wishes to learn more about the materials that conceal the bedrock. The map can facilitate regional and national overviews of (1) geologic hazards, including areas of swelling clay and areas of landslide deposits and landslide-prone materials, (2) natural resources, including aggregate for concrete and road building, peat, clay, and shallow sources for groundwater, and (3) areas of special environmental concern, including areas of intense erosion and areas of potential contamination of soil and groundwater. The map also includes lines depicting the maximum limits of glacial advance during selected time periods. The data set for the Surficial Deposits and Materials of the Eastern and Central United States (East of 102 Degrees West Longitude) consists of two layers: surficial deposits and materials, and glacial limits. The data are available as shapefiles or Arc/Info Export files. The data layers are distributed and should be used together. All the data layers were created as Arc/Info coverages and converted to other formats for distribution purposes. The following coverages are included as ArcInfo interchange files: >ussurfm020 - Map units, as polygons, geographic projection >glacal020 - Glacial limits, as lines without line decorations, geographic projection >ussurflam - Map units, as polygons, Lambert_Azimuthal projection >glaciallam - Glacial limits, as lines without line decorations, Lambert_Azimuthal projection A separate package is available for shapefiles, containing >surfpoly.shp - Map units, as polygons, geographic projection >surfarc.shp - Attributed contacts and boundaries >glacline.shp - glacial limits, as lines Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Arc/Info format, this metadata file may include some Arc/Info-specific terminology. End_Group Group: DIF_Author Last_name: Bush First_name: Charles Middle_name: A. Email: cbush@usgs.gov Phone: (303) 236-4723 Group: Address Mail Stop 913 Box 25046 Denver Federal Center Lakewood, CO 80225 USA End_Group End_Group DIF_Revision_Date: 20030711 Science_Review_Date: