Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Erie 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Erie 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada
Abstract:
The Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Erie 4° x 6° Quadrangle was mapped as part of the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States. The atlas was begun as an effort to depict the areal distribution of surficial geologic deposits and other materials that accumulated or formed during the past 2+ million years, the period that includes all activities of the human species. These materials are at the surface of the earth. They make up the "ground" on which we walk, the "dirt" in which we dig foundations, and the "soil" in which we grow crops. Most of our human activity is related in one way or another to these surface materials that are referred to collectively by many geologists as regolith, the mantle of fragmental and generally unconsolidated material that overlies the bedrock foundation of the continent. The maps were compiled at 1:1,000,000 scale.
Supplemental_Information:
The digital file was prepared at 1:1,000,000 nominal viewing scale. If the map is enlarged to larger scales (for example, 1:250,000, 1:100,000, or 1:24,000 scale), resolution of the map data is greatly diminished. Enlargement will not restore resolution that was lost by simplification or generalization of data.
This database represents an attempt to digitally capture all the geologic information available on the published paper map. Separate coverages are provided for the map unit polygons, linear glacial features, point data for drumlins, direction of ice movement, ice-molded landforms, and type localities, important stratigraphic sections, and line coverages for the hydrology and topography.
The description of map units and sources of information are both included as PDF files.
The published maps of the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the U.S. used three separate projections. To promote uniformity, the projection of this database was changed from Lambert Conformal Conic to Albers Equal Area and all subsequent digital databases will similarly be changed to Albers Equal Area Projection.
Illustrations are provided showing relationships of the late Wisconsin glacial lobes, sublobes and advances within lobes and sublobes, and areas of responsibility for the compilation of the map. An illustration is provided showing the correlation of map units.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee- compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ARC/INFO format, this metadata file includes some ARC/INFO-specific terminology. 
The dataset for the Lake Erie quadrangle consists of 10 coverages.
       geo_net
       gla_lin
       gla_pnt
       hydr_lin
       topo_lin
       bnd_lin
       bnd_net
       rd_lin
       rr_lin
       grid_lin
The dataset also includes an ARC/INFO AML, lineset, shadeset, and markerset that will produce the EPS file of the geology and glacial features and the list of map units.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    David S. Fullerton (editor), Gerald M. Richmond (editor), David S. Fullerton (compiler), William R. Cowan (compiler), William D. Sevon (compiler), Richard P. Goldthwait (compiler), William R. Farrand (compiler), Ernest H. Muller (compiler), Robert E. Behling (compiler), and Jay A. Stravers (compiler), 1991, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Erie 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-17), U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    U.S. Geological Survey, 1983, Quaternary geologic atlas of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420, US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -84.00
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -78.00
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.00
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.00
  3. What does it look like?
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-17/lakeerie.gif (GIF)
    Reduced-size image of the entire map sheet, 500x320 pixels, 72k bytes.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-17/I-1420_nk-17_map_screen.pdf (PDF)
    Screen-optimized rendition of the entire map sheet, 4.9 MB.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 1976
    Ending_Date: 1981
    Currentness_Reference:
    Publication date
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: (map)
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (3836)
      • String (9565)
      • GT-polygon composed of chains (3837)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      The map projection used is Albers Conical Equal Area.
      Projection parameters:
      Standard_Parallel: 29.5
      Standard_Parallel: 45.5
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96.0
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23.0
      False_Easting: 0.00000
      False_Northing: 0.00000
      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 50
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 50
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meters
      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS1980.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378206.4.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/294.98.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The geo_net coverage includes polygons that are map units and open water, and arcs that are contacts, color boundaries, and shoreline.
    The geo_net.pat INFO file consists of the following items:
    GEOCODE--Refers to the type of polygon and is one of the following: map unit code (e.g., tl,tsa), "lake", or "river".
    AGE--Refers to the age of the map unit and is one of the following: "EARLY WISCONSIN AND ILLINOIAN", "EARLY WISCONSIN", "HOLOCENE AND LATE WISCONSIN", "HOLOCENE AND WISCONSIN", "HOLOCENE", "ILLINOIAN AND PRE-ILLINOIAN", "ILLINOIAN", "LATE WISCONSIN AND MIDDLE WISC", "LATE WISCONSIN", "WISCONSIN", OR "PRE-QUATERNARY".
    MORAINES--A modifier to the map unit indicating that the unit is a moraine and is one of the following: "Ground Moraine", "Ground moraine and end moraine", "Ground Moraine and end moraine under Lake Erie", "Ground Moraine and end moraine under Lake Ontario", "Ground Moraine and end moraine under Lakes Erie and Ontario", "End Moraine", or "Attenuated drift", "Ground Moraine under Lake Erie", "Ground Moraine under Lake Huron", "Ground Moraine under Lakes Erie and Ontario", "Ground moraine veneer over nonoriented hummocky topography of older till or ice-contact sand and gravel", or "Stagnation moraine".
    MAPUNITS--A description of the soils within the map units (see below).
    MODIFIER--Indicates the names of labeled rivers and lakes or indicates if the map unit is submerged or is a veneer.
    COLOR--An integer value representing a shade pattern in the shadeset color524.shd used in preparing the graphic of the map.
    Items in geo_net.pat are defined as follows: 
    GEOCODE	MAPUNITS, (AGE)

lm	LAKE CLAY AND SILT (under Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario),
	   (HOLOCENE)
ls	LAKE SAND AND GRAVEL (under Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario),
	   (HOLOCENE)
al	ALLUVIUM (HOLOCENE AND LATE WISCONSIN)
lc	LAKE SILT AND CLAY (under Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario),
        (HOLOCENE AND LATE WISCONSIN)
lcb	LAKE CLAY, SILT, SAND, AND GRAVEL (under Lakes St. Clair
	   and Erie), (HOLOCENE AND LATE WISCONSIN)
lcc	LAKE CLAY, SILT, SAND, AND GRAVEL (HOLOCENE AND
        LATE WISCONSIN)
lca	LAKE SILT AND CLAY (HOLOCENE AND LATE WISCONSIN)
lsa	LAKE SAND AND GRAVEL (HOLOCENE AND LATE WISCONSIN)
hs	SWAMP DEPOSIT (HOLOCENE AND LATE WISCONSIN)
hp	PEAT (HOLOCENE AND LATE WISCONSIN)
ed	DUNE SAND (HOLOCENE AND LATE WISCONSIN)
eu	EOLIAN SAND AND SILT (HOLOCENE AND LATE WISCONSIN)
cbb	BOULDERY COLLUVIUM AND ROCK WASTE (HOLOCENE AND WISCONSIN)
cl	LOAMY COLLUVIUM (HOLOCENE AND WISCONSIN)
clc	LOAMY COLLUVIUM (HOLOCENE AND WISCONSIN)
cld	LOAMY COLLUVIUM  (HOLOCENE AND WISCONSIN)
jla	LOAMY COLLUVIUM AND LANDSLIDE DEPOSITS--Areas with abundant
	   or widely distributed landslide deposits (HOLOCENE AND
	   WISCONSIN)
jlb	LOAMY COLLUVIUM AND LANDSLIDE DEPOSITS--Areas with scattered
	   or localized landslide deposits (HOLOCENE AND WISCONSIN)
Tills in Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York
tc	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine, (LATE WISCONSIN)
tc	CLAYEY TILL, End moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tcd	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine under Lake Erie, (LATE WISCONSIN)
tcd	CLAYEY TILL, End moraine, (LATE WISCONSIN)
tca	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine, (LATE WISCONSIN)
tca	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine under Lake Erie, (LATE WISCONSIN)
tca	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine veneer (LATE WISCONSIN)
tca	CLAYEY TILL, End moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tcb	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tcb	CLAYEY TILL, Stagnation moraine, (LATE WISCONSIN)
tcb	CLAYEY TILL, End moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tcg	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tcg	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine veneer (LATE WISCONSIN)
tl	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tl	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine under Lake Huron, (LATE WISCONSIN)
tl	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine veneer (LATE WISCONSIN)
tl	LOAMY TILL, Stagnation moraine, (LATE WISCONSIN)
tl	LOAMY TILL, End moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tlb	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine, (LATE WISCONSIN)
tlb	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine veneer (LATE WISCONSIN)
tlb	LOAMY TILL, End moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tld	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine, (LATE WISCONSIN)
tld	LOAMY TILL, End moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tlg	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tlg	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine under Lakes Erie and Ontario
	   (LATE WISCONSIN)
tlg	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine veneer (LATE WISCONSIN)
tlg	LOAMY TILL, Stagnation moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tlg	LOAMY TILL, End moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tlr	LOAMY TILL, Attenuated drift (LATE WISCONSIN)
tlh	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tlh	LOAMY TILL, End moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
td	SANDY LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
td	SANDY LOAMY TILL, End moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
Tills in Ontario (Ground moraine and end moraine not distinguished)
tap	CLAYEY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
taa	CLAYEY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
tab	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine and end moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tab	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine and end moraine under Lakes
	   Erie and Ontario (LATE WISCONSIN)
tak	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine and end moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tak	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine under Lake Huron
        (LATE WISCONSIN)
taq	CLAYEY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
tae	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine and end moraine, (LATE WISCONSIN)
tae	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine and end moraine under Lake Erie
	   (LATE WISCONSIN)
tai	CLAYEY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
tao	CLAYEY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
taf	CLAYEY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
tka	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine and end moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tka	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine and end moraine under Lake Ontario
    (LATE WISCONSIN) 
    tkk	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine and end moraine (LATE WISCONSIN)
tkk	LOAMY TILL, Ground moraine and end moraine under Lake Erie
	   (LATE WISCONSIN)
tkl	LOAMY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
tkg	LOAMY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
tkn	LOAMY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
tkh	LOAMY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
tko	LOAMY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
tkf	LOAMY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
tki	LOAMY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
teb	SANDY LOAMY TILL (LATE WISCONSIN)
kg	ICE-CONTACT SAND AND GRAVEL (LATE WISCONSIN)
ks	ICE-CONTACT SAND (LATE WISCONSIN)
ke	KAME END MORAINE (LATE WISCONSIN)
gg	OUTWASH SAND AND GRAVEL (LATE WISCONSIN)
gs	OUTWASH SAND (LATE WISCONSIN)
gkl	OUTWASH SAND AND GRAVEL (LATE WISCONSIN)
lcr	ATTENUATED LAKE SILT AND CLAY (LATE WISCONSIN)
lla	SLACKWATER LAKE SILT AND SAND (LATE WISCONSIN)
nlc	LOAMY SOLIFLUCTION DEPOSITS (LATE WISCONSIN)
lch	LAKE SAND, SILT, AND CLAY (LATE WISCONSIN AND MIDDLE WISCONSIN)
lcj	LAKE SAND, SILT, AND CLAY (WISCONSIN)
lgk	LAKE GRAVEL, SAND, SILT, AND CLAY (WISCONSIN)
tar	CLAYEY TILL (EARLY WISCONSIN)
tlj	LOAMY TILL (EARLY WISCONSIN)
tle	LOAMY TILL (EARLY WISCONSIN)
tdg	SANDY LOAMY TILL (EARLY WISCONSIN)
kgb	ICE-CONTACT SAND AND GRAVEL (EARLY WISCONSIN)
nma	CLAYEY TO SANDY SOLIFLUCTION DEPOSITS (WISCONSIN AND
	   ILLINOIAN)
nla	LOAMY SOLIFLUCTION DEPOSITS (WISCONSIN AND ILLINOIAN)
nlb	LOAMY SOLIFLUCTION DEPOSITS (WISCONSIN AND ILLINOIAN)
gga	OUTWASH SAND AND GRAVEL (EARLY WISCONSIN AND ILLINOIAN)
llb	SLACKWATER LAKE SILT AND SAND (EARLY WISCONSIN AND
        ILLINOIAN)
tcm	CLAYEY TILL, Ground moraine (ILLINOIAN)
tcm	CLAYEY TILL, End moraine (ILLINOIAN)
tlm	LOAMY TILL (ILLINOIAN)
tlo	LOAMY TILL (ILLINOIAN)
kgi	ICE-CONTACT SAND AND GRAVEL (ILLINOIAN)
ggi	OUTWASH SAND AND GRAVEL (ILLINOIAN)
lci	LAKE CLAY AND SILT (ILLINOIAN)
lle	LAKE SAND, SILT, AND CLAY (ILLINOIAN AND PRE-ILLINOIAN)
rci	LOAMY TO CLAYEY SOLUTION RESIDUUM (QUATERNARY)
zla	LOAMY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM (QUATERNARY)
zlb	LOAMY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM (QUATERNARY)
R	BEDROCK, (PRE-QUATERNARY)
f	MANMADE LAND
    The geo_net.aat INFO file consists of the following item: LTYPE--Refers to the type of arc and is one of the following: "contact", "shoreline", "map boundary", or "null".
    The gla_lin coverage contains lines of linear glacial features. The gla_lin.aat INFO file consists of the following items: TYPE--Refers to the type of glacial feature described by the arc and is one of the following: "esker", "limit of glacial advance", "buried moraine", "crest of end moraine", "meltwater channel", or "map boundary". MODIFIER--Refers only to type = "meltwater channel" and IS either "left bank" or "right bank". ACCURACY--Refers to accuracy of location of arcs in the gla_lin coverage and is either "certain" or "inferred". CONTACT--Refers to whether the line is a contact between map units and is either "y" or "n".
    The gla_pnt coverage contains points that represent drumlins, places where the direction of ice movement is indicated by striations, or the location of important stratigraphic sections. The gla_pnt.pat INFO file consists of the following items: TYPE--Refers to the type of feature shown at the point and is one of the following: "drumlin", "direction of ice movement", "ice molded landform", "sand dune", or the name of important stratigraphic sections. ANGLE--Refers to the direction of drumlin or ice movement; in degrees measured clockwise from north. MRKANGLE--Negative of ANGLE; useful for plotting srmbols in ARCPLOT.
    Hydr_lin is a line coverage created after scanning the hydrographic layer that was used in the original paper map. It has no attributes.
    Topo_lin is a line coverage created after scanning the topographic layer that was used in the original paper map. It has no attributes.
    Bnd_lin is a line coverage created from 1:2,000,000 scale U.S. Geological Survey Digital Line Graph coverages (DLG). It contains lines representing the U.S./Canada international boundary and state boundaries and annotation indicating state or province names. The bnd_lin.aat INFO file contains the following item: TYPE--Refers to the type of line and contains the values: "state boundary", "international boundary", or "map boundary".
    Bnd_net is a polygon coverage created from 1:2,000,000 scale DLG coverages and contains political and administrative boundaries. Polygons are attributed in the standard DLG coding scheme and the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS).
    Rd_lin is a line coverage created from 1:2,000,000 DLG coverages. The coverage contains lines representing roads in the map area. All DLG attributes have been stripped from the lines except ROUTE_NUMBER1, ROUTE_NUMBER2, and ROUTE_NUMBER3, which contain the federal and state highway number designations, and ROUTE_TYPE1, which may contain values of "Alternate", "Business", or "Truck".
    Rr_lin is a line coverage created from 1:2,000,000 DLG coverages. The coverage contains lines representing railroads in the map area. It has no DLG attributes.
    Grid_lin is a line coverage created to display projection lines in one degree increments. It has no attributes.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-17/I-1420_nk-17_textonly.pdf

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • David S. Fullerton (editor)
    • Gerald M. Richmond (editor)
    • David S. Fullerton (compiler)
    • William R. Cowan (compiler)
    • William D. Sevon (compiler)
    • Richard P. Goldthwait (compiler)
    • William R. Farrand (compiler)
    • Ernest H. Muller (compiler)
    • Robert E. Behling (compiler)
    • Jay A. Stravers (compiler)
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    The Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Erie 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada, I-1420 (NK-17) was compiled by David S. Fullerton and Jay A. Strathers, U.S. Geological Survey; William R. Cowan, Ontario Geological Survey; William D. Sevon, Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey; Richard P. Goldthwait, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Ohio State University; William R. Farrand, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan; Ernest H. Muller, Department of Geology, Syracuse University; and Robert E. Behling, Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University. The state and province compilations were edited and integrated by Gerald M. Richmond, and David S. Fullerton, U.S. Geological Survey. The compilations of geology and glacial features were converted to digital form by Techni Graphic Systems, Inc., of Fort Collins, CO, under contract with the U.S. Geological Survey and modified by Charles A. Bush. Illustrations, wordprocessor files and DLG coverages were prepared by Bush and Wallace K. Fisk, U.S. Geological Survey.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Charles A. Bush
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Emeritus Geophysicist
    Mail Stop 913, Box 25046, Federal Center
    Lakewood, Colorado
    USA

    (303) 236-4723 (voice)
    (303) 236-0214 (FAX)
    cbush@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

In recent years, surficial deposits and materials have become the focus of much interest by scientists, environmentalists, governmental agencies, and the general public. They are the foundations of ecosystems, the materials that support plant growth and animal habitat, and the materials through which travels much of the water required for our agriculture, our industry, and our general well being. They also are materials that easily can become contaminated by pesticides, fertilizers, and toxic wastes. In this context, the value of the surficial geologic map is evident

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Fullerton and Richmond, 1991 (source 1 of 2)
    David S. Fullerton (ed.), Gerald M. Richmond (ed.), David S. Fullerton (comp., William R. Cowan (comp.), William D. Sevon (comp.), Richard P. Goldthwait (comp.), William R. Farrand (comp.), Ernest H. Muller (comp.), Robert E. Behling (comp.), and Jay A. Stravers (comp.), 1991, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Erie 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-17), U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.

    Type_of_Source_Media:
    mylar separates from printer's negatives for printed map
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 1000000
    Source_Contribution: Linework and point data for the data sets
    2MILDLG (source 2 of 2)
    U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, 1:2,000,000-scale Digital Line Graphs -Railroad, Roads, and Boundaries features: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.

    Type_of_Source_Media: online
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 2000000
    Source_Contribution: spatial and attribute information
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 1999 (process 1 of 10)
    Digitizing contractor scanned source stable-base material for geology and glacial layers, vectorized scan, converted into ARC/INFO coverages and attributed files from published paper map, and produced check plots and coverages.
    Date: 1999 (process 2 of 10)
    W.K. Fisk scan scanned source stable-base material for topography layer, vectorized scan, and converted into ARC/INFO coverage.
    Date: 1999 (process 3 of 10)
    C.A. Bush acquired U.S. Geological Survey DLG 1:2,000,000 digital data for roads, railroads, and county boundaries. Data was obtained for individual states, combined, and clipped to cover only the area of the map. Since the files are intended only for the users reference, and to reduce file size, all attributes were removed from the railroad coverage. All attributes were removed from the roads coverage except U.S. and State highway designations. All attributes were removed from the boundaries coverage except those containing state or county names. A coverage was created containing map boundaries and state and international boundaries. These coverages do not exactly match the base used in preparation of the original Quaternary Atlas map, but are included for the user's convenience.
    Date: 1999 (process 4 of 10)
    Fisk created illustrations from the paper map in a drawing program for an index map. Bush scanned illustrations for loess distribution, glacial lobe chronology, state and province compilation responsibilities and map unit correlations from the paper map and converted them to PDF format.
    Date: 1999 (process 5 of 10)
    Map Unit Descriptions and Sources of Information areas were scanned and converted by an Optical Character Recognition computer program into text files (Fisk).
    Date: 2001 (process 6 of 10)
    Coverages of geology and glacial features were checked and corrected or changed. Additional items were included in the attributes. AMLs were created to plot the data. Plot was imported into Adobe Acrobat program to create a plot of the map (Bush).
    Date: 2001 (process 7 of 10)
    Sharon Smith scanned hydrology layer and created ARC/INFO coverage.
    Date: 2001 (process 8 of 10)
    Original map was scanned and recreated as PDF file.
    Date: 2001 (process 9 of 10)
    Illustrations and text files were checked and edited by Bush.
    Date: 01-Jun-2002 (process 10 of 10)
    Creation of original metadata record Person who carried out this activity:
    Charles A. Bush
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Emeritus Geophysicist
    U.S. Geological Survey, MS913, Box 25046, Denver Federal
    Center
    Denver, CO
    USA

    (303) 236-4723 (voice)
    (303) 236-0214 (FAX)
    cbush@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Compilation of geologic data: The accuracy of the map data is dependent on (1) the accuracy of the original source data, (2) the accuracy of transfer of that data to larger scale bases by the compilers, (3) the procedures by which the compilers and the editor/integrator simplified or generalized the data, and (4) the procedures used by, and the objectivity exercised by, the editor/integrator in integration of adjacent parts of the map that were prepared by different compilers. Consequently, aspects of accuracy for the data set cannot be quantified.
    Digitization and attributing of compilation: Digitizing contractor scanned source stable-base material, vectorized scan, attributed files, and produced check plots and coverages of map unit polygons and glacial line and point features. C.A. Bush proofread check plots and reviewed digital files; made final corrections as needed; produced graphical files and imported them into graphics program to prepare plotfile. Bush proofread cartographic product. Bush and Fisk prepared illustrations and wordprocessing files of descriptions of map units and sources of information. Sharon Smith, U.S. Geological Survey, scanned and vectorized the hydrology coverage and created the ARC/INFO coverage. The original paper map was scanned and recreated as a PDF file. (The original map was thoroughly reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature.)
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The accuracy of location of polygons, lines, and points is consistent with the map scale of 1:1,000,000.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    These coverages contain polygons for all the map units, lines for all the contacts and glacial features, and points for all the locations of localities, ice-molded landforms, direction of ice movement and drumlins. All geologic data from the original map are expressed on this map. Any differences between elements on the original map and attributed polygons, arcs, and points in this database are inadvertent and should not be construed as deliberate alterations of the data.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Polygon and chain-node topology are present. The ARC/INFO commands BUILD and CLEAN were run to ensure the topological consistency of data set. All polygons are labeled and were tested by using the ARC/INFO command LABELERRORS. All polygons were checked for closure and intersections.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Acknowledgment of the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States of America and (or) the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data will be appreciated.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, Central Publications Group
    U.S. Geological Survey, MS902, Box 25046, Denver Federal
    Center
    Denver, CO
    USA

    (303) 236-7684 (voice)
    (303) 236-6287 (FAX)
    webmaster@geology.cr.usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-17), "Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Erie 4° × 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada"
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy and functioning of the data set and related material nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Jun-2016
Metadata author:
Peter N Schweitzer
USGS Midwest Area
Collection manager, USGS Geoscience Data Clearinghouse, http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/
Mail Stop 954
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr
Reston, VA
USA

703-648-6533 (voice)
703-648-6252 (FAX)
pschweitzer@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/map-i/1420/NK-17/metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.48 on Tue Jul 03 20:04:45 2018